基于STM32的超声雨量计研制
发布时间：2018-11-29 08:05
【摘要】：雨量计是一种用来测量一段时间内降雨量的仪器,普遍应用于气象、水利和农业等部门,给各部门提供用于预报和研究的降水量数据。目前国内气象领域应用的雨量计精度和自动化程度比较低。国外的光学雨量计精度高,但价格昂贵,难以推广普及。为设计出低成本、低功耗和高精度的超声雨量计,本文对传统的超声雨量计进行硬件和软件算法的优化。硬件方面,本文选用低功耗和高性价比的STM32作为主控芯片。超声测液位模块由超声发射和接收组成,发射部分通过高电压脉冲来驱动超声探头,接收部分包括信号放大、滤波和整形电路。本设计采用PT100测温,选用24位高精度AD7794进行模数转换,温度测量精度可达±0.05℃。同时创造性的对雨量计进行气压补偿,使其适用于更复杂的环境。气压模块采用BMP180组成阵列式结构,减小因传感器蠕变导致的系统误差。本设计既可以通过VFD屏显示数据也可以通过串口将数据发送到上位机。软件算法补偿方面,本文采用L-M算法实现超声速度与温度和气压之间的曲面拟合,达到温度和气压补偿的目的。为了方便观测者使用,本文开发了基于Qt的配套上位机软件。本文研发的超声雨量计量程为0-500mm,采集频率可调。温度适用范围为0℃～50℃,气压适用范围为500hPa～1100hPa。本设计具有低功耗模式,能够长期在野外使用。性能测试表明,本设计测量雨量误差±0.5mm,总体上满足气象行业要求。
[Abstract]:Rain gauge is a kind of instrument used to measure rainfall for a period of time. It is widely used in meteorological, water conservancy and agriculture departments, and provides precipitation data for prediction and research. At present, the precision and automation of rain gauge used in the field of meteorology in China are relatively low. The precision of optical rain gauge abroad is high, but the price is expensive, so it is difficult to popularize. In order to design a low cost, low power and high precision ultrasonic rain meter, this paper optimizes the hardware and software algorithms of the traditional ultrasonic rain gauge. In the aspect of hardware, STM32 with low power consumption and high cost-performance ratio is chosen as the main control chip. The ultrasonic liquid level measurement module is composed of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving. The transmitting part drives the ultrasonic probe by high voltage pulse, and the receiving part includes signal amplifying, filtering and shaping circuit. In this design, PT100 is used to measure temperature, 24 bits high precision AD7794 is used for analog-to-digital conversion, and the precision of temperature measurement is 卤0. 05 鈩，
本文编号：2364432
[Abstract]:Rain gauge is a kind of instrument used to measure rainfall for a period of time. It is widely used in meteorological, water conservancy and agriculture departments, and provides precipitation data for prediction and research. At present, the precision and automation of rain gauge used in the field of meteorology in China are relatively low. The precision of optical rain gauge abroad is high, but the price is expensive, so it is difficult to popularize. In order to design a low cost, low power and high precision ultrasonic rain meter, this paper optimizes the hardware and software algorithms of the traditional ultrasonic rain gauge. In the aspect of hardware, STM32 with low power consumption and high cost-performance ratio is chosen as the main control chip. The ultrasonic liquid level measurement module is composed of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving. The transmitting part drives the ultrasonic probe by high voltage pulse, and the receiving part includes signal amplifying, filtering and shaping circuit. In this design, PT100 is used to measure temperature, 24 bits high precision AD7794 is used for analog-to-digital conversion, and the precision of temperature measurement is 卤0. 05 鈩，
本文编号：2364432
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