基于PLC控制的养殖场氨气生物氧化装置的研发

发布时间：2018-01-10 04:17

本文关键词：基于PLC控制的养殖场氨气生物氧化装置的研发　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国畜禽养殖业规模化、集约化和专业化的水平不断提高,畜禽养殖业产生的环境污染问题也日趋严重,尤其是畜禽养殖场产生恶臭气体对大气环境的影响。养殖场中的恶臭气体不仅对人类和畜禽健康产生影响,而且会对养殖场和养殖场周围环境产生严重的破坏。随着国家有关环保的各项法律法规的不断完善和落实,养殖场恶臭气体的减排工作越来越被重视,因此养殖场恶臭物质生物氧化装置的设计与研究具有重要的意义。本文设计了一款基于生物法除臭技术与PLC控制技术的养殖场氨气生物氧化装置,生物法相对于传统除臭技术具有成本低、不易产生二次污染、除臭效率高等优点受到国内外普遍关注。PLC控制系统设计主要包含硬件电路设计、PLC软件与人机交互界面设计两方面的内容。其中硬件系统以台达DVP32ES200RPLC为控制单元,搭配各类传感器(温湿度、pH等),采用台达公司DOP-B10S411型人机界面作为控制系统上位机;软件系统基于梯形图语言采用台达公司为自身产品开发的PLC开发工具WPLSoft软件开发,系统实现数据的采集、处理以及显示存储等功能。(1)本文首先在实验室中完成小式装置实验,小式装置运行2个月完成生物填料的选择以及专有微生物菌群的培养及驯化,生物氧化装置填料选用火山石填料和聚氨酯填料两种填料作为实验对象。实验结果表明火山石填料和聚氨酯填料的氨氮去除效率都能可以达到85%左右,但是火山石填料的氨氮转换效率仅为60%左右,聚氨酯填料的氨氮转换率可以达到75%。通过比较两种填料的物理特性及性价比,本生物氧化装置的填料选用聚氨酯填料。(2)本生物氧化装置的监控系统部分具有良好的人机交互界面(HMI),操作简单方便,用户可以在工业显示屏上非常方便的查看整体装置的运行情况以及各个监控参数的数据、修改控制时间以及被控对象的启停。(3)针对养殖场氨气污染排放规律,结合养殖场猪舍通风实际情况,完成养殖场中式示范装置设计,生物氧化装置采用通风管道与猪舍相连,生物氧化装置有独立的风机,不受猪舍风机的影响。完成设计后在北京市昌平区北京原种猪场进行了中式装置的示范搭建,完成搭建后通过长期实验和连续实验验证其处理效果。运行结果表明:实施监测实验期间,猪舍内氨气体积分数在1.0×10-5~3.0×10-5昼夜波动,该生物氧化装置的氨气去除率可达到90%左右。本生物氧化装置中式装置是国内首次将生物法除臭技术应用于养殖场现场臭气处理,并达到很好的预期效果。本装置实现反应器环境参数实时监测与控制,提高了整个装置的控制能力,有效的降低了系统的故障和维护费用,并减少了养殖场工作人员接触污染物的机会,改善了养殖场空气环境,有效的避免了二次污染的产生,且整个装置具有操作简单、运行安全可靠、运行成本低等特点。
[Abstract]:With the scale, intensive and professional level of livestock and poultry breeding in China, the environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding is becoming more and more serious. Especially the effect of odor gas produced by livestock and poultry farms on the atmospheric environment. The odor gases in livestock farms not only affect the health of human beings and livestock and poultry. With the continuous improvement and implementation of national laws and regulations on environmental protection, more and more attention has been paid to the emission reduction of odor gas in farms. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and study the biological oxidation device of odor substances in farm. This paper designed a biological oxidation device of ammonia gas based on biological deodorization technology and PLC control technology. Compared with the traditional deodorization technology, biological method has the advantages of low cost, not easy to produce secondary pollution, high deodorization efficiency and so on. The design of PLC control system mainly includes hardware circuit design. PLC software and human-computer interface design, in which the hardware system uses Delta DVP32ES200RPLC as the control unit, with a variety of sensors (temperature, humidity, pH, etc.). The DOP-B10S411 man-machine interface of Delta Company is used as the upper computer of the control system. The software system is based on trapezoidal diagram language. The software is developed by WPLSoft, a PLC development tool developed by Delta Company for its own products. The system realizes data acquisition. Processing and display storage and other functions. (1) this paper first completed the small device experiment in the laboratory, the small device operation for 2 months to complete the selection of biological fillers, and the cultivation and acclimation of the specific microbial flora. The experimental results show that the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of volcanic stone filler and polyurethane filler can reach about 85%. But the ammonia-nitrogen conversion efficiency of volcanic rock filler is only about 60%, and the ammonia nitrogen conversion rate of polyurethane filler can reach 75. By comparing the physical characteristics and performance-price ratio of the two fillers. The filler of the biological oxidation unit is polyurethane filler. 2) the monitoring system part of the biological oxidation unit has a good man-machine interaction interface and the operation is simple and convenient. Users can easily view the operation of the whole device and the data of each monitoring parameter on the industrial display screen. Modify the control time and the controlled object start and stop. 3) aiming at the ammonia pollution emission law of the farm, combined with the actual situation of pig house ventilation in the farm, the design of the Chinese demonstration device of the farm is completed. The biological oxidation unit is connected with the pig house by ventilation ducts, and the biological oxidation unit has an independent fan. After the completion of the design, the demonstration of the Chinese plant was carried out at the Beijing original pig farm in Changping District, Beijing. After the completion of the construction through long-term experiments and continuous experiments to verify the effectiveness of the treatment. The results of the operation show that: the implementation of monitoring experiments during the period. The volume fraction of ammonia in the pigsty fluctuated from 1.0 脳 10 ~ (-5) to 3.0 脳 10 ~ (-5) day and night. The ammonia removal rate of the biological oxidation unit can reach about 90%. The biological deodorization technology is the first time that the biological deodorization technology has been applied to the field odor treatment of the farm in China. This device realizes the real-time monitoring and control of the reactor environmental parameters, improves the control ability of the whole device, and effectively reduces the system failure and maintenance costs. And reduce the chance of contact with pollutants, improve the air environment of the farm, effectively avoid the secondary pollution, and the whole device has simple operation, safe and reliable operation. Low operating cost and other characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X713;TP273

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