基于纳米功能材料集成微结构光纤的传感器研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:19

本文选题：光纤传感　切入点：微结构光纤　出处：《天津理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着信息时代和物联网应用的到来以及快速发展,光通信、光互联等高速率信息的传输及处理的要求越来越高。为满足全光纤光子集成系统对微纳光子器件的要求,人们不断探求新材料、新原理、新方案和构思。结合微纳波导技术与光电功能材料物理效应,通过研究光波导中的光束传输和调控从而实现微纳光子器件成为了光子学领域发展的重要课题。本文是以各种微结构的微纳光纤作为敏感元件,借助其强倏逝场等特性,并与纳米功能材料相结合,与周围环境产生紧密的相互作用,研究了对外界环境参量敏感的一系列微结构光纤传感器。本文主要采用电弧放电法对具有不同传导特性的光纤进行了微结构设计,分析了其中光传播的特性,并结合纳米功能材料对其传感特性进行了理论和实验分析,实现了高灵敏度、低温敏感传感,具有较好的应用前景。本论文主要研究内容包括:1.熔接机电弧放电法制备微结构光纤。借助控制高精度平移台步进距离、速度以及熔接机的放电时间、放电功率等参数,不同直径、不同锥区长度等不同参数的锥型微结构光纤可以被制备出来。通过数值计算理论分析了锥形微结构光纤的倏逝场特性和模式能量分布的特点。随着光纤直径的减小,光纤中能量将不局限在光纤纤芯当中,有一部分能量将泄漏到包层当中,以倏逝波的形式存在。光纤直径越小,倏逝场能量越强,与外界相互作用也会增强,对外界环境变化的检测越加灵敏。2.基于周期锥微结构单模光纤以及集成SiO2纳米粒子拉锥方形光纤分别提出了折射率传感器以及相对湿度传感器。通过对高精度的平移台以及熔接机放电参数的调控分别制备出了周期锥微结构单模光纤以及锥结构方形光纤,并将锥结构方形光纤与SiO2纳米粒子集成,分析了这两种传感器的传感机理,构建了有效的理论模型,并分别通过实验分析了外界折射率对周期锥微结构单模光纤以及相对湿度对基于SiO2纳米粒子锥结构方形光纤这两种传感器的传感特性。3.提出并实现了两种基于微结构全固波导阵列光纤的磁场传感器。分别通过熔接机电弧放电的方法在全固波导阵列光纤上制备出了锥结构以及周期锥结构,并结合纳米磁流体材料实现了对外界磁场的高灵敏度测量。计算了这两种微结构光纤的模式耦合以及干涉特性,并对其特性进行理论模拟。具体分析了两种磁场传感器的干涉峰强度以及振幅随外加磁场的变化。
[Abstract]:With the advent and rapid development of the information age and the Internet of things applications, the requirements of transmission and processing of high rate information, such as optical communication, optical interconnection, etc, are becoming more and more high. People are constantly searching for new materials, new principles, new schemes and ideas, combining micro-nano waveguide technology with physical effects of optoelectronic functional materials, It has become an important subject in the field of photonics to study the beam propagation and control in optical waveguides so as to realize the development of micro-nano photons. In this paper, various micro-nanofibers are used as sensitive elements, with the help of their strong evanescent field, and so on. And combined with nano-functional materials to produce close interaction with the surrounding environment, A series of microstructural optical fiber sensors which are sensitive to external environment parameters are studied in this paper. In this paper, the microstructural design of optical fiber with different conduction characteristics is carried out by arc discharge method, and the characteristics of optical propagation are analyzed. The sensing characteristics of nano-functional materials are analyzed theoretically and experimentally, and high sensitivity and low temperature sensitive sensing are realized. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1. The micro-structure optical fiber is fabricated by arc discharge method of welding machine. The parameters such as step distance, speed, discharge time and discharge power of welding machine are controlled by controlling the step distance of high precision translation table, the speed of welding machine, the discharge power and so on. Conical microstructured fibers with different diameters and different cone lengths can be fabricated. The evanescent field characteristics and mode energy distribution characteristics of tapered microstructured fibers are analyzed by numerical calculation theory. With the decrease of fiber diameter, the characteristics of evanescent field and mode energy distribution are analyzed. The energy in the fiber will not be confined to the fiber core. Some of the energy will leak into the cladding and exist as evanescent waves. The smaller the diameter of the fiber, the stronger the evanescent field energy, and the greater the interaction with the outside world. The detection of environmental change is more sensitive. Based on periodic cone microstructured single-mode fiber and integrated SiO2 nano-particle tapered square fiber, a refractive index sensor and a relative humidity sensor are proposed. The single mode fiber with periodic conical structure and square fiber with conical structure were fabricated by adjusting discharge parameters of the translation table and the welding machine respectively. The sensor mechanism of the two sensors is analyzed, and an effective theoretical model is constructed by integrating the square fiber with the conical structure with the SiO2 nanoparticles. The sensing characteristics of external refractive index pair periodic cone microstructure single mode fiber and relative humidity pair square fiber based on SiO2 nano-particle cone structure are analyzed by experiments. 3. Two kinds of sensors based on micrometer are proposed and realized. Magnetic field sensor of fiber optic fiber with full solid waveguide array. The conical structure and periodic cone structure were fabricated on the fiber by arc discharge of welding machine, respectively. The high sensitivity measurement of the external magnetic field is realized by combining the nano-magnetic fluid material. The mode coupling and interference characteristics of the two kinds of microstructured optical fibers are calculated. The interference peak intensity and amplitude of two kinds of magnetic field sensors are analyzed in detail.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.1;TP212

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