磨床砂轮动平衡仪控制系统设计及关键技术

发布时间：2018-03-22 00:02

本文选题：砂轮　切入点：不平衡量　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：精密磨削加工过程中,砂轮面的磨损、切削液的吸附等因素都会引起砂轮的振动不平衡,砂轮的振动不平衡会对磨削加工造成非常不利的影响,不单单会影响被加工工件的表面质量,导致工件废品率升高,还会影响砂轮及磨床的使用年限。然而砂轮安装前的静平衡和人工手动平衡已经满足不了我国制造业迅速发展的步伐需求,亟需研发一种更加有效地在线动平衡仪器。因此,本课题在对国内外磨床砂轮动平衡控制技术及发展现状分析研究的基础上,基于磨床砂轮动平衡控制仪基本原理,从控制仪的测控精度和平衡效率分析入手,自主开发了一款基于嵌入式处理器ARM11的新型磨床砂轮动平衡控制仪。本文主要完成的研究工作如下:本文针对现有国产磨床砂轮动平衡控制仪存在的突出问题进行了深层次的分析和研究,提出了基于嵌入式处理器ARM11的动平衡控制仪硬件平台;依据动平衡控制仪的硬件平台及运用的相关技术,对控制仪的软件平台架构进行研究设计,基于模块化的设计思想,以微软Visual Studio2008软件为其开发工具,C#作为应用程序编程语言,完成动平衡控制仪软件系统的设计和搭建,主要包括:人机交互界面设计、控制仪设置模块、砂轮转速测量模块、振动信号采集模块、不平衡信号处理模块、控制算法模块、键盘和显示模块。为了提高动平衡控制仪的测控精度,本文对砂轮不平衡振动信号进行深入分析与研究,结合砂轮动平衡控制仪的功能要求,以相关函数理论为基础,提出了基于互相关分析的振动不平衡量特征参数提取的新方法。将采集到的不平衡振动信号和转速键相信号分别与标准正弦信号、余弦信号作互相关函数分析,可准确得到振动不平衡量的幅值和相位,为动平衡控制仪精确控制提供可靠依据。针对现有砂轮动平衡控制仪存在平衡时间长、平衡效果差的缺陷,本文在研究现有动平衡控制策略的基础上,基于变结构控制理论,通过建立动平衡头的数学模型,提出采用基于指数趋近律的滑膜变结构控制方法来控制动平衡头内部电机转动,采取逐步寻优平衡方法实现砂轮的在线动不平衡量补偿。本课题所研制的磨床砂轮动平衡控制仪采用主流先进的电子元器件,有效提高了动平衡控制仪的平衡效率和平衡效果;本文将所研究的振动不平衡信号处理技术与控制技术运用到该动平衡控制仪上,通过模拟仿真和实验有效验证了所研究技术的可行性和准确性;本文所研究的成果对促进精密加工技术的发展具有重要的支撑推动作用,本课题所开发的动平衡控制仪也具有广阔的工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:Precision grinding process, grinding wheel wear, cutting fluid adsorption and other factors will cause the vibration of grinding wheel unbalance, grinding wheel unbalance brings bad influence to the grinding, not only affects the surface quality of workpiece, causes the workpiece scrap rate increased, and the service life of the grinding wheel grinding machine will also affect. However, prior to the installation of wheel static balance and manual balance of China's manufacturing industry has been unable to meet the rapid pace of development needs, need to develop a more effective online dynamic balance instrument. Therefore, our research is based on the grinding wheel dynamic balance control technology at home and abroad and the development present situation analysis and research, grinding wheel dynamic balance control device based on the basic principle, starting from the analysis of control instrument control precision and efficiency balance, was developed based on a novel grinding sand bed embedded processor ARM11 Wheel balancing control device. The main research work of this paper is as follows: This paper analysis and deep research aiming at the existing problems of existing domestic grinding wheel balancing control instrument are presented, the dynamic balance controller hardware platform based on embedded ARM11 processor; according to the relevant technology of dynamic balance control instrument hardware platform and Application the research and design of software architecture platform control system, modular design based on Microsoft Visual Studio2008 software as the development tool, C# as the application programming language, and build a complete design, dynamic balance instrument control software system mainly includes: the design of man-machine interface, control instrument settings module, wheel speed the vibration measurement module, signal acquisition module, unbalanced signal processing module, control module, keyboard and display module. In order to improve the dynamic balance control instrument Control accuracy, based on the in-depth analysis and Research on grinding wheel unbalance vibration signal, combined with the wheel balancing control instrument function, using correlation function theory, this paper puts forward a new method to extract characteristic parameters of vibration cross correlation analysis based on unbalance. The collected unbalanced vibration signal and speed Keyphasor signal with the standard sine signal, correlation function analysis for the cosine signal, can accurately obtain the vibration amplitude and phase unbalance, dynamic balance control instrument precision control to provide reliable basis. In view of the existing wheel balancing control device has a long equilibration time, defect equilibrium effect is poor, based on the existing dynamic balance control strategy last, based on variable structure control theory, through the establishment of mathematical model of balancing head, the exponential approach law based on synovial variable structure control method to control the balancing head The internal rotation of the motor, gradual optimization method to realize the on-line dynamic balance of grinding wheel unbalance compensation of grinding wheel. The developed dynamic balance control instrument using advanced electronic components, effectively improve the efficiency and effect of dynamic balance balance control instrument balance; vibration this paper will study the unbalanced signal processing technology and control technology is applied to the dynamic balance control apparatus, through simulation and experiment validate the feasibility and accuracy of the technology; the results of this study have important support for promoting the development of the precision machining technology promotion effect, dynamic balance control instrument developed in this paper has a wide application value in engineering.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG596;TP273

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