金属氧化物基非酶葡萄糖传感器的研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 01:29

本文选题：非酶葡萄糖传感器　切入点：氧化铜　出处：《东北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：葡萄糖作为构成生命体的必需化合物,快速可靠的检测葡萄糖浓度对于当前社会至关重要。到目前为止,葡萄糖传感器已经发展了四代,前三代是主体基于生物酶的葡萄糖传感器,由于酶类传感器对环境苛刻的要求,极大的限制了其发展,因此,第四代非酶葡萄糖传感器应运而生。近年来,已有大量关于非酶葡萄糖传感器的报道,这类传感器主要由各种金属与金属氧化物及其复合材料构建而成;其中基于过渡金属镍、铜的材料由于其低廉的价格与其金属氧化物优异的电催化性能,受到研究人员的广泛关注。因此,本课题以镍、铜的氧化物为研究对象,构建非酶葡萄糖传感器,利用XRD、SEM、EDS、AFM等表征手段对其进行分析,进而利用循环伏安法与电流-时间法考察其对葡萄糖检测的电化学性能。本文主要围绕以下几个方面进行研究:(1)通过溶剂热合成法,在模板剂P123的作用下,合成纳米花状氧化镍超薄片层,该形貌使得氧化镍的比表面积增大,与葡萄糖分子的接触面积变大,电化学检测葡萄糖时可以提供更多的电子参与反应,该氧化镍材料构建的非酶葡萄糖传感器灵敏度为2550.693μA·cm~(-2)·mM~(-1),并有良好的选择性。(2)利用微波辅助法合成了氧化铜块状材料,并用其修饰玻碳电极构建非酶葡萄糖传感器,该块状结构表面光滑,电化学反应时与葡萄糖接触面积大,具有快的反应时间,该传感器的灵敏度为2491.236μA·cm~(-2)·mM~(-1),有良好的选择性,并且抗毒性优良,但其检测范围比较窄。(3)利用溶剂热合成法在模板剂P123的作用下合成表面有微小凸起的树莓状氧化铜材料,该形貌极大的增加了氧化铜的比表面积,增多了氧化铜的活性位点,在电化学检测葡萄糖时使得葡萄糖与氧化铜的接触面积增大,反应更加迅速,从而使得该氧化铜材料构建的非酶葡萄糖传感器有更高的灵敏度,为2810.01μA·cm~(-2)·mM~(-1),并对179 nM到6.5 mM宽浓度范围的葡萄糖实现电化学检测,检测下限低至59 nM(S/N=3),并具有良好的选择性,氯离子对其的影响也可以忽略不计。综上,本课题主要研究了氧化镍与氧化铜作为敏感材料用于构建非酶葡萄糖传感器,并得出溶剂热合成法制备的树莓状氧化铜材料具有最为优良的性质,为快速、灵敏的检测葡萄糖提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Glucose is an essential compound that forms a living body, and rapid and reliable detection of glucose concentrations is crucial to the current society. So far, glucose sensors have been developed for four generations. The first three generations of glucose sensors are based on biological enzymes. The development of enzyme sensors is greatly limited by the demanding requirements of the environment. Therefore, the fourth generation of non-enzymatic glucose sensors have emerged as the times require in recent years. There have been numerous reports of non-enzymatic glucose sensors, which are constructed mainly of metal and metal oxides and their composite materials; based on the transition metal nickel, Due to its low price and excellent electrocatalytic performance of metal oxides, copper materials have attracted wide attention. Therefore, the non-enzymatic glucose sensor is constructed by using nickel and copper oxides as research objects. The electrochemical properties of glucose were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and current-time method. The study focused on the following aspects: 1) Solvothermal synthesis. Nanoscale nickel oxide ultrathin layer was synthesized under the action of template P123. The surface area of nickel oxide increases and the contact area with glucose molecule becomes larger. More electrons can be provided for electrochemical detection of glucose. The sensitivity of the non-enzymatic glucose sensor is 2550.693 渭 A / cm ~ (2) (m ~ (2)) ~ ((1)) the copper oxide bulk material was synthesized by microwave-assisted method, and the nonenzymatic glucose sensor was constructed by modifying the glassy carbon electrode. The bulk structure has a smooth surface, a large contact area with glucose during electrochemical reaction, and a fast reaction time. The sensor has a sensitivity of 2491.236 渭 A cm ~ (-1) ~ (-2) mm ~ (-1), good selectivity and good anti-toxicity. However, its detection range is relatively narrow. (3) the raspberry shaped copper oxide material with small protruding surface was synthesized by solvothermal synthesis under the action of template P123, which greatly increased the specific surface area of copper oxide and the active sites of copper oxide. In the electrochemical detection of glucose, the contact area between glucose and copper oxide is increased and the reaction is more rapid, which makes the non-enzymatic glucose sensor constructed by the copper oxide material more sensitive. The electrochemical detection of glucose with a wide concentration range from 179 nm to 6.5 mm was carried out. The detection limit was as low as 59nMN / N / N ~ (3 +) and had good selectivity. The effect of chloride ion on it was negligible. In this paper, nickel oxide and copper oxide were used as sensitive materials to construct non-enzymatic glucose sensors. The raspberry copper oxide materials prepared by solvothermal synthesis were characterized by their excellent properties and rapidity. Sensitive detection of glucose provides a new idea.
【学位授予单位】：东北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212

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