基于状态观测器的主汽温控制系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:33

本文选题：主汽温 + 状态反馈　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电厂主汽温直接影响到全厂的热效率和设备的安全运行,因此主汽温控制系统是电厂的重要控制系统之一。应用喷水减温来控制主汽温度是目前广泛采用的一种方式,而喷水减温器离过热器出口较远的特质造成主汽温被控对象具有大迟延、大惯性的特性,并且随着装机容量的不断增加,过热器管道的不断加长,调节滞后性大大增加,进而使得控制难度也不断增大。现在通用的主汽温控制系统为PID串级控制系统和带有导前微分信号的主汽温控制系统,随着控制难度的增大,这两种控制方案越来越难以满足控制需求,对于大迟延对象的调节往往不够及时,还会产生大的超调量,控制效果不够理想,因而急需提出一种新的、更加合适的控制方案。考虑到以上所述因素,本文构建了基于状态观测器的主汽温控制系统,并深入研究了其鲁棒性和实用性。首先通过逐步研究具体控制办法,最终确定了添加积分器的观测器-状态反馈的控制方案,之后通过分别改变观测器各个参数并实施控制的方法细致仿真探究了控制系统的鲁棒性,并通过最终的仿真曲线可以得出,观测器-状态反馈控制系统具有良好的鲁棒性,可以适应现场复杂多变的情况。同时本文从实用的角度出发,将状态观测器算法加入到可靠性高、实时性好、稳定性强且已顺利应用于现场的优化控制站中,将其作为优化控制站中的一种先进算法模块加以使用,并搭建了基于此模块的主汽温控制系统,通过下位运算并得到的响应曲线可以得出基于状态观测器的主汽温控制系统具有良好的特性,能够满足电厂主汽温控制的需求。
[Abstract]:The main steam temperature of the power plant directly affects the thermal efficiency of the whole plant and the safe operation of the equipment, so the main steam temperature control system is one of the important control systems of the power plant.At present, it is widely used to control the main steam temperature by using water spray temperature reduction, and the characteristics of the main steam temperature controlled object have the characteristics of long delay and large inertia due to the fact that the main steam temperature is far away from the outlet of the superheater.With the continuous increase of installed capacity, the superheater pipeline continues to lengthen, and the adjustment lag greatly increases, which makes the control more difficult.Now the common main steam temperature control system is PID cascade control system and main steam temperature control system with pre-guide differential signal. With the increase of control difficulty, these two control schemes are more and more difficult to meet the control requirements.The adjustment of the object with large delay is often not timely, it will also produce a large overshoot, and the control effect is not ideal, so it is urgent to put forward a new and more suitable control scheme.Considering the above factors, the main steam temperature control system based on state observer is constructed, and its robustness and practicability are studied.Firstly, by studying the specific control method step by step, the control scheme of observer-state feedback with integrator is finally determined.After that, the robustness of the control system is investigated by changing the parameters of the observer and implementing the control method in detail, and through the final simulation curve, it can be concluded that the observer-state feedback control system has good robustness.Can adapt to the scene complex and changeable situation.At the same time, from a practical point of view, the state observer algorithm is added to the optimal control station with high reliability, good real-time, strong stability, and has been successfully applied in the field.It is used as an advanced algorithm module in the optimization control station, and the main steam temperature control system based on this module is built.Through the lower operation and the response curve, it can be concluded that the main steam temperature control system based on the state observer has good characteristics and can meet the demand of the main steam temperature control in the power plant.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP273;TM621

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