基于磁传感器阵列的新型大电流传感器关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 21:22

本文选题：ITER + 极向场变流器　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：ITER国际热核聚变堆是人类旨在解决未来能源危机的重大国际合作项目,极向场变流器系统是该聚变堆的重要组成部分,也是迄今为止世界上功率最大的变流器系统,其额定装机容量4600 MVA,每组电源额定输出55 kA,在大电流测量方面提出了迫切的需求。本论文研制了基于磁传感器阵列的新型电流传感器,满足ITER装置高稳定度、高精度和快速响应的电流测量要求。论文主要的研究工作和创新如下:建立基于电流微元法的电流磁场模型,分析了极向场载流母排周围的磁场及梯度分布。利用该分析结果,比较了磁传感器阵列采用圆形排布和矩形排布结构的优劣。在平行双直导线模型下,提出了用于圆形磁传感器阵列的的串扰场抑制方法。提出了适用于磁传感器阵列电路和结构设计的技术方案,详细分析了磁传感器阵列在工程实现上遇到的关键技术难题,论述了阵列上多传感器进行灵敏度归一化的方法,并重点讨论了磁传感器选择,缓冲电路、温度补偿电路和接地的设计,保证了工程应用中磁传感器阵列测量的准确性和运行的可靠性。针对圆形排布磁传感器阵列不再适用于大尺寸截面载流母排电流测量的问题,首次提出了使用矩形排布磁传感器阵列的技术方案,采用了在积分环路磁场不连续点分段测量和使用高阶辛普森数值积分算法处理数据等方法,极大地减小了由于矩形积分环路磁场梯度变化剧烈引入的计算误差,提炼出矩形排布磁传感器阵列快速设计的工程步骤。针对磁传感器阵列在核聚变领域等复杂工况下的电磁兼容要求,研究了变流器运行时其剧烈的du/dt通过电场耦合传播带来的噪声问题,论述了共模和差模噪声传导的通路,在无法使用滤波电路改善信号质量的前提下,提出了优于常规传感器信号传输方式的逆并联结构,实验证明测量信号中耦合的噪声得到很好的抑制。完成了产品研制及试验。试验数据表明其完全满足大尺寸截面母排电流测量需求,具有高可靠性,达到了 0.5级以上的准确度等级,有较好的串扰场抑制能力和电磁兼容性能,诸多性能超越传统的大电流传感器。该传感器不仅满足ITER变流系统电流检测要求,也可以推广到国防、科研、冶金等大电流检测行业。
[Abstract]:The ITER international thermonuclear fusion reactor is a major international cooperation project aimed at solving the future energy crisis. The poloidal field converter system is an important part of the fusion reactor, and it is also the most powerful converter system in the world so far. Its rated installed capacity is 4600 MVA and the rated output of each group of power sources is 55 Ka. It is urgent to measure the large current. In this paper, a new type of current sensor based on magnetic sensor array is developed to meet the requirements of high stability, high precision and fast response of ITER device. The main research work and innovations are as follows: the current magnetic field model based on the current microelement method is established and the magnetic field and gradient distribution around the poloidal current carrying bus are analyzed. Based on the analysis results, the advantages and disadvantages of circular and rectangular arrangement of magnetic sensor array are compared. In this paper, a crosstalk suppression method for circular magnetic sensor array is proposed under the parallel double straight wire model. This paper presents a technical scheme suitable for the circuit and structure design of magnetic sensor array, analyzes in detail the key technical problems encountered in the engineering implementation of magnetic sensor array, and discusses the method to normalize the sensitivity of multi-sensor array. The design of magnetic sensor selection, buffer circuit, temperature compensation circuit and grounding are discussed in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of magnetic sensor array measurement in engineering application. Aiming at the problem that the circular magnetic sensor array is no longer suitable for the measurement of the current carrying busbar current with large cross-section, the technical scheme of using rectangular magnetic sensor array is proposed for the first time. The method is used to measure the magnetic field discontinuous points in the integral loop and to deal with the data by using the high order Simpson numerical integration algorithm, which greatly reduces the calculation error caused by the dramatic change of the magnetic field gradient in the rectangular integral loop. The engineering steps of rapid design of rectangular array magnetic sensor array are extracted. In view of the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of magnetic sensor arrays under complex conditions such as nuclear fusion, the noise caused by intense du/dt propagation by electric field coupling is studied, and the path of common mode and differential mode noise conduction is discussed. On the premise that the filter circuit can not be used to improve the signal quality, an inverse parallel structure is proposed, which is superior to the conventional sensor signal transmission mode. The experimental results show that the coupling noise in the measurement signal is well suppressed. Finished the product development and test. The experimental data show that it fully meets the needs of large size bus bar current measurement, has high reliability, reaches the accuracy level of more than 0.5 level, and has better crosstalk suppression ability and electromagnetic compatibility performance. Many performances outperform traditional high current sensors. The sensor not only meets the requirements of current detection in ITER converter system, but also can be applied to many industries such as national defense, scientific research, metallurgy and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212

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