基于DGPS的数据采集应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 07:44

本文选题：差分定位 + 差分协议　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从第一个GNSS系统(即GPS系统)诞生以来,卫星定位技术就在科研和生产中扮演着重要的角色,精确的导航定位能力一直是其最本质的要求,但是由于卫星钟差和多路径干扰等因素的存在,直接使用卫星信号会产生较大的误差。目前民用接收机的水平定位精度只能达到10米左右,这个定位精度可以满足普通用户的需求,但是无法满足高精度应用领域的要求。为了满足人们对高精度定位的需求,差分定位技术(DGPS)应运而生,目前导航定位应用研究主要集中在对DGPS数据进行传输和处理这两方面上。本文以DGPS的数据作为研究对象,通过RTCM V3.2协议的数据格式分析了DGPS系统解算得到的数据,然后对常见坐标系进行分析提出了一种适用于小范围内大地坐标系和自建坐标系间的转换方法,最后,在此基础上设计了一种基于DGPS的三维坐标测量记录仪。该记录仪适用于工业生产领域,具有组建以工厂平面为水平面的空间直角坐标系的能力,能够进行坐标系内物体的三维坐标测定。论文从实际需求和应用出发,将DGPS数据的采集处理和坐标计算这两方面作为研究重点,明确了该记录仪的总体设计方案,完成了基准站与移动站之间的数据传输链设计,达到了三维坐标计算以及测点数据存储与信息反馈的目的。其中系统硬件部分由记录仪硬件设计和基准站的数传电台硬件设计组成;系统软件部分包括记录仪对DGPS数据的采集和预处理以及DGPS数据应用过程中的坐标转换。最后,利用全站仪来标定基于DGPS三维坐标测量记录仪的测量精度,测试结果表明该记录仪可以达到水平±2cm垂直±3cm的精度。在实际应用测试中,将该记录仪在贵州清水河电厂进行煤堆体积测试,能够满足现场测量工作的要求,达到了盘煤过程中记录仪坐标实时定位的目的。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the first GNSS system (GPS system), satellite positioning technology has played an important role in scientific research and production. However, due to the existence of satellite clock difference and multipath interference, the direct use of satellite signals will lead to large errors. At present, the horizontal positioning accuracy of civil receivers can only reach about 10 meters, which can meet the needs of ordinary users, but can not meet the requirements of high-precision applications. In order to meet the needs of high precision positioning, differential positioning technology (DGPS) emerges as the times require. At present, the research of navigation and positioning applications is mainly focused on the transmission and processing of DGPS data. This paper takes the data of DGPS as the research object, and analyzes the data obtained by DGPS system through the data format of RTCM V3.2 protocol. Then, a transformation method between geodetic coordinate system and self-built coordinate system is put forward. Finally, a 3D coordinate measuring recorder based on DGPS is designed. The recorder is suitable for industrial production. It has the ability to set up the spatial rectangular coordinate system with the factory plane as the horizontal plane, and can measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the objects in the coordinate system. Starting from the actual demand and application, this paper focuses on the acquisition and processing of DGPS data and coordinate calculation, defines the overall design scheme of the recorder, and completes the design of the data transmission chain between the reference station and the mobile station. The purpose of 3D coordinate calculation, data storage and information feedback is achieved. The hardware part of the system consists of the hardware design of the recorder and the hardware design of the data transmission station of the datum station, and the part of the system software includes the acquisition and preprocessing of the DGPS data by the recorder and the coordinate transformation in the application of the DGPS data. Finally, the measurement accuracy of the 3D coordinate measuring recorder based on DGPS is calibrated by using the total station instrument. The test results show that the recorder can achieve the accuracy of horizontal 卤2cm vertical 卤3cm. In the practical application test, the volume of coal pile can be measured in Qingshuihe Power Plant, Guizhou Province, which can meet the requirements of field measurement and achieve the purpose of real-time positioning of the recorder coordinates in the process of coal mining.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP274.2

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