基于能量均衡的WSN地理位置路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 12:21

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 地理位置路由　；参考：《长春理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络由传感器节点组成,节点之间通过路由进行数据的传输。然而,传感器节点微小,易受资源约束,因此建立能量高效的路由协议显得十分必要。地理位置路由协议利用位置信息来避免数据的洪泛传播,从而减少了路由开销。本文从能量均衡的角度出发,提出基于双阈值和夹角的改进GPSR算法(IGPSR)和基于贪婪转发和能量梯度的改进GAF算法(IGAF)。从平面路由的角度,IGPSR算法利用双阈值对节点的能量等级进行划分,让处于低能量的节点只负责数据的收集。在路由建立的过程中,选择能量较高且偏移角较小的节点作为下一跳;在数据传输的过程中,启动能量保护策略,对路由上能量较低的节点进行替换,从而保护低能量节点。仿真结果表明,与GPSR相比,IGPSR降低了网络能耗,提高了网络的生存周期。从层次路由的角度,IGAF算法采用优化分簇和簇头选举的方法,降低网络的能量损失。通过优化分簇,簇头之间可以采用贪婪转发的方式进行无线通信,减少簇头与目的节点的传输距离;簇头选举时,考虑节点的能量信息,提高高能量的节点选为簇头的概率,减少低能量节点的能量消耗;并且当簇头的能量小于能量阈值时,重新选举簇头。仿真结果表明,与GAF相比,IGAF均衡了网络能耗,使网络的生存周期得到了提高。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks are composed of sensor nodes, which transmit data by routing between nodes. However, sensor nodes are small and vulnerable to resource constraints, so it is necessary to establish energy-efficient routing protocols. Geographical location routing protocol uses location information to avoid data flooding and thus reduces routing overhead. This paper presents an improved GPSR algorithm based on double thresholds and angles and an improved GAF algorithm based on greedy forwarding and energy gradient from the point of view of energy balance. From the point of view of planar routing, IGPSR classifies the energy level of nodes by using double thresholds, so that the nodes in low energy are only responsible for data collection. In the process of route establishment, the node with high energy and small offset angle is chosen as the next hop; in the process of data transmission, the energy protection strategy is initiated to replace the node with lower energy on the route, so as to protect the low energy node. The simulation results show that compared with GPSR, the network energy consumption is reduced and the lifetime of the network is improved. From the point of view of hierarchical routing, the IGAF algorithm adopts the method of optimizing clustering and cluster head election to reduce the energy loss of the network. By optimizing clustering, the wireless communication between cluster heads can be carried out by greedy forwarding, and the transmission distance between cluster heads and destination nodes can be reduced. When cluster heads are elected, the energy information of nodes is considered to improve the probability of high energy nodes being selected as cluster heads. The energy consumption of the low energy node is reduced, and when the energy of the cluster head is less than the energy threshold, the cluster head is re-elected. The simulation results show that compared with GAF, the network energy consumption is balanced and the lifetime of the network is improved.
【学位授予单位】：长春理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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