离心风机用外转子电机控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 08:41

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 无位置传感器　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：永磁同步电机具有相对体积小、功率密度高、结构简单以及动态响应快等诸多优点,使其在现代工业社会中的地位越来越突出。无位置传感器控制技术省去了机械式位置传感器,不仅节省了空间和成本,而且在恶劣的条件下具有更高的可靠性。本文针对离心风机用外转子电机的实际应用环境和运行要求,设计了一套高效可靠的控制系统。首先,在研究永磁同步电机在静止两相坐标系下的数学模型的基础上,构造滑模观测器。针对滑模变结构控制的抖振问题,采用饱和函数取代符号函数,以准滑动模态的方式削弱了系统的抖振,设计PLL锁相环用于平滑转子位置估算过程中的抖振成分,使系统的转矩、转速平滑。其次,针对离心风机用外转子电机在静止启动过程中可能存在的各种情况,通过分析加速过程中的电磁转矩方程和机械方程,利用永磁同步电机自身转矩-功角自平衡的特性,保证了 I/F控制和状态切换过程中电机运行的可靠性和稳定性。针对无位置传感器的离心风机用外转子电机在带速状态下无法可靠启动的问题,通过逆变器施加两个零电压矢量,使电机定子三相绕组短路,根据短路电流相量在αβ坐标系下的角度变化,辨识出电机转向和转速,通过对短路电流在dq坐标系下暂态过程的解析分析,估算出电机转子位置。最后,在TI公司TMS320F28027作为主控芯片的驱动系统以及带风机负载的550W永磁同步电机组成的实验平台上,对所提出的控制方案就行了实验验证。实验结果表明,所提出的控制方案可以满足系统在复杂条件下的可靠启动,并能保证系统中高速段的性能。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has many advantages, such as small relative volume, high power density, simple structure and fast dynamic response, which make it more and more prominent in modern industrial society. No position sensor control technology saves the mechanical position sensor, not only saves space and cost, but also has higher level in bad conditions. In this paper, a set of efficient and reliable control system is designed for the practical application environment and operation requirements of the external rotor motor used in centrifugal blower. First, on the basis of studying the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in the static two phase coordinate system, a sliding mode observer is constructed. The function takes the place of the symbolic function and weakens the chattering of the system by quasi sliding mode. The PLL phase locked loop is designed for the buffeting component in the estimation of the rotor position, and the torque and speed of the system are smooth. Secondly, the acceleration over a variety of conditions that may exist in the static starting process of the external rotor motor used for centrifugal fans is analyzed. The electromagnetic torque equation and mechanical equation in the process are used to ensure the reliability and stability of the motor running in the I/F control and state switching process by using the self torque balance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. The converter applies two zero voltage vectors to make the stator three-phase winding short circuited. According to the angle change of the short circuit current in the alpha beta coordinate system, the motor steering and speed are identified. The rotor position of the motor is estimated by analyzing the transient current in the dq coordinate system. Finally, the TI company TMS320F28027 is used as the main control core. On the experimental platform composed of the drive system of the chip and the 550W permanent magnet synchronous motor with the fan load, the proposed control scheme is verified experimentally. The experimental results show that the proposed control scheme can satisfy the reliable startup of the system under complex conditions and ensure the performance of the middle and high speed segment of the system.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;TP273

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