少稀土轮辐式组合永磁型同步电机控制系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-05-25 14:51

本文选题：少稀土电机 + 气隙磁场畸变　；参考：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：稀土永磁无刷电机虽因具有能量密度大,调速范围宽,结构简单等特点而被广泛应用于汽车传动领域,但在当前稀土价格不断上涨的背景下,其制作成本已成为不能忽视的问题。本文所研究的少稀土轮辐式组合永磁型同步电机(Hybrid Permanent Magnet Motor,HPMM),其励磁源使用价格便宜的铁氧体非稀土永磁材料替代部分钕铁硼稀土永磁材料,并通过设计轮辐状转子结构来弥补铁氧体永磁部分因矫顽力较低所带来的电磁性能不足,从而在减少稀土材料使用量的基础上,获得不弱于稀土永磁无刷电机的性能,可减少电机制作成本。但HPMM主要受组合励磁方式、转子结构复杂和电机加工工艺等因素的影响,气隙磁场出现畸变,再加上逆变器非线性、电感波动等因素的影响,在传统控制下运行时,绕组相电流中存在大量谐波,导致电机出现温度过热、效率降低等问题。因此,为验证HPMM实际性能,实现HPMM稳定高效运行,文章将重点对HPMM的控制系统进行研究,并对HPMM运行时的谐波电流进行分析与抑制。首先针对HPMM的研究背景及结构特点进行介绍,阐述了HPMM的运行原理。然后基于转子磁场定向控制算法设计HPMM控制系统。转速环采用复合PI控制器,可有效解决传统转速环PI控制器参数难整定的问题;电流环采用反电势补偿PI控制器,可消除转速变化时反电势对系统的影响,提高控制系统性能,最后通过仿真与实验对HPMM及所设计控制系统的性能分别进行验证。针对HPMM实际运行时出现的相电流畸变现象,分别从电机本体参数不理想和逆变器非线性两个方面详细解释谐波电流的主要成因。根据HPMM实际相电流中的谐波成分,建立d-q轴系下的谐波电流数学模型。并对PI控制器无法完全消除d-q轴电流波动的原因进行分析与验证。为消除谐波电流,文章采用电流环PI控制器并联谐振调节器的方法,在电流环构成比例积分谐振器,来消除d-q轴电流的波动,从而实现对三相谐波电流的统一抑制。最后分别在仿真与实验中对所用谐波电流抑制算法的有效性进行验证。仿真与实验结果表明:HPMM能够在本文设计的控制系统下获得理想的动态性能,但稳态时相电流畸变也很明显。将比例积分谐振器应用到HPMM控制系统中,能有效抑制相电流中的谐波电流,实现电机稳定高效运行。本文所设计的控制系统能较好地体现HPMM性能,所用比例积分谐振控制器结构简单,谐波电流抑制效果明显,且只需在软件中实现,无需增加硬件电路,为以后针对电机谐波电流抑制方法的研究提供了借鉴。
[Abstract]:Although rare earth permanent magnet brushless motor is widely used in automobile transmission field because of its characteristics of high energy density, wide speed range and simple structure, but under the background of the rising price of rare earth, Its production cost has become a problem that can not be ignored. In this paper, the hybrid Permanent Magnet motor and HPMM are studied. The excitation source uses cheap ferrite non-rare earth permanent magnetic materials to replace some NdFeB rare earth permanent magnetic materials. The structure of the wheel spoke rotor is designed to make up for the lack of electromagnetic performance caused by the low coercivity of the ferrite permanent magnet, so that the performance of the permanent magnet brushless motor is not weaker than that of the rare earth permanent magnet brushless motor on the basis of reducing the use of rare earth materials. Can reduce the cost of motor production. However, the HPMM is mainly affected by the combined excitation mode, the complex rotor structure and the machining process of the motor, the distortion of the air gap magnetic field, the nonlinear of the inverter, the fluctuation of the inductance, and so on. There are a lot of harmonics in the winding phase current, which causes the motor to overheat and reduce the efficiency. Therefore, in order to verify the actual performance of HPMM and realize the stable and efficient operation of HPMM, the control system of HPMM will be studied in this paper, and the harmonic current of HPMM will be analyzed and suppressed. Firstly, the research background and structure characteristics of HPMM are introduced, and the operation principle of HPMM is expounded. Then the HPMM control system is designed based on the rotor flux oriented control algorithm. Using compound Pi controller in rotational speed loop can effectively solve the problem that the parameters of Pi controller of traditional rotational speed ring are difficult to adjust, and Pi controller with reverse EMF compensation in current loop can eliminate the influence of reverse EMF on system when speed changes, and improve the performance of control system. Finally, the performance of HPMM and the designed control system are verified by simulation and experiment. In view of the phase current distortion in HPMM, the main causes of harmonic current are explained in detail from two aspects: the motor body parameter is not ideal and the inverter is nonlinear. According to the harmonic components in the actual phase current of HPMM, the mathematical model of harmonic current in d-q shafting is established. The reason why Pi controller can not completely eliminate the current fluctuation of d-q axis is analyzed and verified. In order to eliminate the harmonic current, a proportional integral resonator is formed in the current loop by using the Pi controller of the current loop to parallel the resonant regulator to eliminate the fluctuation of d-q axis current, thus realizing the unified suppression of the three-phase harmonic current. Finally, the effectiveness of the harmonic current suppression algorithm is verified in simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the control system designed in this paper can obtain ideal dynamic performance, but the phase current distortion is also obvious in steady state. The proportional integral resonator is applied to the HPMM control system, which can effectively suppress the harmonic current in the phase current and realize the stable and efficient operation of the motor. The control system designed in this paper can better reflect the performance of HPMM. The proportional integral resonant controller is simple in structure, the effect of harmonic current suppression is obvious, and it only needs to be realized in software without adding hardware circuit. It provides a reference for the research of harmonic current suppression method in the future.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;TP273

【参考文献】