基于研抛力控制的复杂曲面研抛加工的误差分析与补偿

发布时间：2018-05-25 19:09

本文选题：复杂曲面 + 研抛力　；参考：《长春工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科技的发展,新产品的精度和复杂程度越来越高,一些重要的零部件,由于使用的特殊性,要求的表面复杂程度很高,由很多不同的曲面拼接而成。含有复杂曲面的零部件在医疗、航空、通讯和现代工业生产中发挥着越来越重要的作用,为了得到更好的产品性能,就需要生产出精度更高的复杂曲面零件。目前,数控技术和计算机技术的发展,使复杂曲面的加工精度和加工效率越来越高。本文在五轴数控研抛机床上,采用基于力控制的复杂曲面研抛加工方法,对影响复杂曲面研抛表面质量的机床误差和研抛廓形进行了分析,并且通过对机床误差的补偿和优化轨迹廓形来达到提高研抛表面质量的目的。机床误差主要是对研抛头和工件的相对位置的确定产生影响,通过齐次坐标变换方法运用多体系统理论就能得到机床的综合误差模型,通过激光干涉仪对机床误差进行检测,对机床误差进行预测并通过机床控制系统的补偿模块对其进行补偿,得到满足实验要求的机床定位精度。基于力控制的复杂曲面研抛加工方法是通过分析研抛力测量系统的测量结果,对研抛过程进行控制,达到确定性研抛的目的,使研抛表面在获得好的研抛表面粗糙度的同时获得好的面型精度。该方法能够省去重复检测的时间,并且在允许的研抛压力范围内随着研抛压力增大去除量相应变大,因此能够明显提高研抛的效率。通过数学建模得到了研抛轨迹的廓形模型,通过实验验证了建立的数学模型的准确性。用Matlab分析了各个工艺参数对研抛轨迹廓形的影响,最后得到了理想研抛轨迹廓形的工艺参数。用优化后的理想研抛轨迹廓形对工件进行研抛实验,采用不同的研抛压力,分析得出了研抛压力与研抛去除量的关系方程,通过控制研抛进给速度就可以控制研抛点的驻留时间,实现确定性研抛。最后对实验后的研抛表面进行精度检测,发现研抛表面的粗糙度较优化前得到了明显的提高。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, the precision and complexity of new products are becoming more and more high, some important parts, because of the particularity of use, the surface complexity required is very high, which is made up of many different surfaces. Parts with complex surfaces play an increasingly important role in medical, aviation, communications and modern industrial production. In order to obtain better product performance, more precise parts with complex surfaces are needed. At present, with the development of numerical control technology and computer technology, the machining accuracy and efficiency of complex surfaces are becoming more and more high. In this paper, the error and profile of complex surface polishing machine which affect the surface quality of complex surface are analyzed by using force control method on five-axis CNC polishing machine. The error of machine tool is compensated and the trajectory profile is optimized to improve the quality of polishing surface. The error of machine tool mainly affects the relative position of polishing head and workpiece. By using the method of homogeneous coordinate transformation, the comprehensive error model of machine tool can be obtained, and the error of machine tool can be detected by laser interferometer. The error of the machine tool is predicted and compensated by the compensation module of the machine tool control system, and the positioning accuracy of the machine tool that meets the requirements of the experiment is obtained. The machining method of complex curved surface based on force control is to control the process of polishing by analyzing the measuring results of the measuring system of the force of polishing, so as to achieve the purpose of deterministic polishing. The polishing surface can obtain good surface roughness and good surface shape accuracy at the same time. This method can save the time of repeated detection and increase the removal amount with the increase of polishing pressure within the allowable range of polishing pressure, so it can obviously improve the efficiency of polishing. The profile model of the polishing trajectory is obtained by mathematical modeling, and the accuracy of the established mathematical model is verified by experiments. The influence of each process parameter on the profile of polishing trajectory is analyzed by Matlab. Finally, the process parameters of ideal polishing trajectory profile are obtained. With the optimized profile of ideal polishing trajectory, the experiment of polishing the workpiece is carried out, and the equation of the relationship between the polishing pressure and the amount of polishing removal is obtained by using different polishing pressures. By controlling the feed speed, the residence time of the polishing point can be controlled, and the deterministic polishing can be realized. Finally, the precision of the polishing surface is tested, and it is found that the roughness of the polishing surface is obviously improved than that before optimization.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG596

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