基于PSoC的心音采集及分析系统

发布时间：2018-06-01 02:54

本文选题：PSoC + 心音采集　；参考：《西华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：统计数据显示心血管疾病死亡率占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位,且随着日趋严重的人口老龄化现状及城镇化进程的加速,心血管病患病人数必将持续快速增长,心血管疾病的防治已成为社会关注的热点问题。心血管疾病普查是一种行之有效的手段,心血管疾病主要包括先天性心脏病、风湿性心脏病、心律不齐、心力衰竭、冠心病等,普查中常见的有风湿性心脏病、心律不齐、心力衰竭,最常用的普查方法是心音听诊,心杂音和心音畸变是心血管疾病早期检测的重要诊断信息,而心力衰竭可通过定期心功能指标检测进行预防。但局限于地区环境、医疗条件,对医疗诊断器械的准确性、实时性、便携性等方面提出更高的需求。由于PSoC(Programmable System on Chip)将一般设计所需的模拟可编程电路、数字可编程电路、CPU和外围设备集成在单一芯片上,具有高集成度、体积小的特点。所以,本文设计了一套基于PSoC的心音采集及分析系统。该系统包括心音采集板和分析软件两部分,本文对采集板的硬件、软件设计和上位机心音分析软件设计进行了详细介绍,实现了心音信号的采集、预处理、播放、无线传输、实时波形显示及自动分析等功能。自动分析结果中,给出了心音正/异常初步判定结果、心率、第一与二心音幅值之比S1/S2、收缩期与舒张期时限之比D/S,为综合评估心功能状态提供一定的参考。为完成以上目标,本文从以下几个方面展开研究:(1)心音信号相关的基本知识。从医学角度,了解心音信号的产生、基本特征、心脏听诊及应用,对比已有采集和分析方法,给出本课题研究的必要性。(2)根据需求进行系统的方案设计。包括心音采集板和心音分析软件两部分,为后续具体设计提供依据。(3)心音采集板软、硬件设计。首先,给出以PSoC芯片为核心的采集板硬件设计,主要包括心音传感器、自举放大电路、滤波电路、音频功放模块、A/D转换、蓝牙无线通信模块、电源模块等设计;其次,详细介绍了各个模块所用器件及电路结构,给出了以PSoC Creator 3.1为开发环境的各模块硬件配置和软件设计,其中,软件设计主要介绍了主程序、A/D数据采集程序、软件数字滤波程序、触摸键检测程序、数据传输程序的设计流程。(4)心音分析软件设计。首先,阐述软件的工作流程及基本功能;其次,依次介绍数据接收模块、波形显示模块、存储模块的实现;最后,介绍了心音算法并给出了基于MATLAB与VC++混编的自动分析模块的实现。(5)系统综合测试。结合心音采集板和分析软件,给出采集板软、硬件测试结果,以及心音分析软件测试结果。(6)临床有效性验证。临床采集了大学生心音62例,心脏病患者心音12例。分析结果和相应的临床心音采集者的身体素质和心脏状况相匹配,验证了系统的可行性和有效性。通过以上几个方面的研究,实现了心音采集、播放、传输、显示和分析功能。该系统运用PSoC技术在单一芯片上设计模拟、数字和微控制电路,减少了硬件开发成本。利用蓝牙串口通信,使该系统的使用更为方便。使用VC++与MATLAB混合编程的方法实现心音分析减少了软件开发成本,提供了一种将心音算法研究从理论仿真到工程化应用的有效方法。临床测试验证了系统的可靠性和实用性,对偏远地区心血管医疗保健和家庭护理有一定的实用价值。
[Abstract]:The statistics show that the mortality of cardiovascular disease accounts for the first cause of the total death of urban and rural residents, and with the increasing situation of population aging and the acceleration of urbanization process, the number of cardiovascular diseases will continue to increase rapidly. The prevention and control of cardiovascular disease has become a hot issue of social concern. The survey of cardiovascular diseases is a kind of line. Effective means, cardiovascular disease mainly includes congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, coronary heart disease and so on. There are common rheumatic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure in general survey. The most commonly used census method is heart sound auscultation, heart miscellaneous sound and heart sound distortion are important diagnosis of early detection of cardiovascular disease. Information, and heart failure can be prevented by regular cardiac function test, but limited to regional environment, medical conditions, higher requirements for the accuracy, real-time, portability, and so on. Due to the PSoC (Programmable System on Chip) the analog programmable circuits and digital programmable circuits are required for the general design. CPU and peripherals are integrated on a single chip with high integration and small size. Therefore, a set of heart sound acquisition and analysis system based on PSoC is designed in this paper. This system includes two parts of heart sound acquisition board and analysis software. In this paper, the hardware of the acquisition board, the software design and the design of the upper computer heart sound analysis software are detailed in this paper. This paper introduces the functions of heart sound signal acquisition, preprocessing, broadcasting, wireless transmission, real-time waveform display and automatic analysis. In the automatic analysis results, the heart sound positive / abnormal preliminary determination results are given, heart rate, the ratio of first to two heart sound amplitude is S1/S2, the ratio of systolic time to relaxation time limit is D/S, which provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac function state. In order to achieve the above objectives, this article will be studied from the following aspects: (1) the basic knowledge related to the heart sound signal. From the medical point of view, to understand the generation of the heart sound signal, the basic characteristics, the heart auscultation and application, compare the existing methods of collection and analysis, and give the necessity of the research. (2) the systematic design of the system according to the demand. It includes two parts, heart sound acquisition board and heart sound analysis software. (3) heart sound acquisition board soft, hardware design. First, it gives the hardware design of the acquisition board with PSoC chip as the core, including heart sound sensor, bootstrap amplifier circuit, filter circuit, audio power amplifier module, A/D conversion, Bluetooth wireless communication module, electricity. Secondly, the device and circuit structure used in each module are introduced in detail, and the hardware configuration and software design of each module with PSoC Creator 3.1 as the development environment are given. The software design mainly introduces the main program, the A/D data acquisition program, the software digital filter program, the touch key detection program, the data transmission program. Design flow. (4) heart sound analysis software design. First, it describes the workflow and basic functions of the software; secondly, it introduces the data receiving module, the waveform display module and the storage module. Finally, the heart sound algorithm is introduced and the realization of the automatic analysis module based on MATLAB and VC++ is given. (5) integrated system test and combination of the heart. The sound acquisition board and analysis software were used to give the software of the acquisition board, the result of hardware test, and the test results of the heart sound analysis software. (6) the clinical validity was verified. 62 cases of College Students' heart sound and 12 cases of heart sound were collected. The results of the analysis were matched with the body quality of the corresponding clinical heart sound collector and the heart condition, and the system was verified. The system has realized the function of heart sound acquisition, play, transmission, display and analysis through the research in several aspects. The system uses PSoC technology to design analog, digital and micro control circuits on a single chip, reducing the cost of hardware development. Using Bluetooth serial communication to make the use of the system more convenient. Using VC++ and MATLAB The method of mixed programming to realize heart sound analysis reduces the cost of software development. It provides an effective method to study the heart sound algorithm from theoretical simulation to engineering application. The clinical test verifies the reliability and practicability of the system, and has certain practical value for cardiovascular health care and home care in remote areas.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R540.4;TP274.2

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