能量均衡无线传感器网络路由及时间同步算法研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 01:17

本文选题：能耗均衡 + 交叉广播　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络在军事国防、工农业控制、卫生医疗、环境监测和抢险救灾等领域都有广泛的应用前景。路由算法的优劣直接关系到无线传感器网络数据通信的性能。由于无线传感器网络能量受限,如何节省能量使网络中的节点能耗均衡以延长网络的生存时间是无线传感器网络研究的一个关键问题。论文首先对比了洪泛Flooding、定向扩散DD、最小跳数MHC、低能耗分簇Leach和基于剩余能量的BRE-Flooding等WSN路由算法的优缺点。接着论述了能量均衡的EBRT路由算法的具体过程,并采用NS2软件对EBRT、MHC与BRE-Flooding路由算法的性能进行仿真,对比分析了节点能量使用、端到端的时延以及节点失效等网络性能。仿真结果表明,EBRT算法在保持节点能耗均衡和降低网络时延等方面具有明显的优势。EBRT算法采用延迟转发机制发送交叉广播消息包,保证了全局路由信息更新的有效性和实时性,但是需要对路由消息包进行定时同步。针对该问题,论文提出了一种基于交叉广播的路由同步机制,在交叉广播数据包中增加时间字段,计算交叉广播消息包生成的计时时间,并通过交换交叉广播消息包进行节点时间同步。该路由同步算法不需要参考节点和逐级同步,消除了累积误差,当个别节点失效时也不会影响算法整体的健壮性。最后,论文从拥塞检测、拥塞避免和拥塞解除等方面研究了无线传感器网络的拥塞控制问题,基于传输表制定了一种拥塞控制策略,可以解决无线传感器网络的拥塞问题。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) has a wide range of applications in military defense, industrial and agricultural control, health care, environmental monitoring and disaster relief. The routing algorithm is directly related to the performance of wireless sensor network data communication. Due to the limited energy of wireless sensor networks, how to save energy to equalize the energy consumption of nodes in the network to prolong the lifetime of the network is a key issue in wireless sensor networks. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of flooding, directional diffusion DDD, minimum hop number Leach, low energy consumption clustering Leach and residual energy based BRE-Flooding routing algorithm are compared. Then the specific process of energy balanced EBRT routing algorithm is discussed, and the performance of EBRT MHC and BRE-Flooding routing algorithm is simulated by NS2 software. The network performance such as node energy usage, end-to-end delay and node failure are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the EBRT algorithm has obvious advantages in maintaining the energy balance of nodes and reducing the network delay. The EBRT algorithm uses the delay forwarding mechanism to send the cross-broadcast message packets, which ensures the effectiveness and real-time of global routing information update. However, routing packets need to be synchronized periodically. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a routing synchronization mechanism based on cross broadcast, which adds time field to cross broadcast packet and calculates the timing time of cross broadcast message packet generation. The node time synchronization is carried out by exchanging cross-broadcast message packets. The routing synchronization algorithm does not need reference nodes and step by step synchronization, which eliminates the accumulated errors, and does not affect the robustness of the algorithm when individual nodes fail. Finally, this paper studies the congestion control of wireless sensor networks from the aspects of congestion detection, congestion avoidance and congestion relief. A congestion control strategy based on transport table is developed, which can solve the congestion problem of wireless sensor networks.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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