基于发光细菌的饮用水质检测系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 19:04

本文选题：发光细菌 + 环境监测　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类的大步前进所创造的成就显而易见,然而,其中的每一小步都改变着周围,包括地球甚至太空。所制造的有害毒物和废料对我们的环境都造成了不小的危害和创伤,其中一项关键伤害是水。我们本就生存在缺水的状态下,加之对其的破坏,带来了疾病甚至死亡的事例屡屡爆出,已经阻碍到我们的向前发展。对于水的利用、开发和监测已经非常有必要,保证饮水的纯洁安全,传统的生物学方法和理化方法能够保证结果准确性,然而缺乏时效性、简洁性和易操作性,无法适应当代生活快节奏的要求。为了达到快速检测和评价饮用水质量的要求,本项目结合新型光电技术设计了针对水的质量检测仪。在我国,基于发光细菌的新技术是近年来兴起的,而国外专家在二战时期已开始应用其进行大气类监测,我国对其的关注紧随国外之后。1950年后即开始做大量的应用研究,并掌握了应用技术。发光细菌技术作为一种新型生物学测量方法,得益于其广泛的来源且极低的成本,其在正常水环境下稳定且持续发光的特性是我们应用的重点。本文针对发光细菌的外部特性和内部机制进行了详尽的研究,尤其是其反应机理,对全反应链进行了介绍,重点关注了其中的关键环节,即细菌发光与水环境的关系,为系统架构做好知识上的准备。针对这一发光特性,系统设计了周密检测的流程,绘制了详尽的硬件架构图、软件运行过程和后续步骤。系统的布局从硬件构成开始,课题对系统各关键单元逐一进行设计,包括加样单元、光接收与信号转换单元(PMT)、控制器部分、供电模块等,最后再对各硬件组态的互联进行调整。此外,电路板的设计也是硬件构成的重要步骤,其中的关键细则不容忽视。硬件的完成标志着软件部分设计的开始,实验员的任何指令和要求都是通过程序送入系统,软件部分同样对应各硬件模块,遵循结构化特点。软硬件的匹配完成并不标志设计的结束,还需要进行整体的调试。系统调试过程采用实际测量与软件仿真两种方式,以保证检测系统的可靠性。在完成初步设计之后,后续的实验验证工作也是必不可少的,而且需要大量重复性的工作,以排除偶然因素。基于发光细菌新技术的检测设备,在各项性能上都可以比拟甚至超越其他现有方法,这得益于器件性能的优越性。包括主控制器强大的片内构成,节省了外部电路空间,PMT的高灵敏性、低噪声和快速的转换效能等功能,和这些都是分不开的。目前的系统在检测结果上还需进一步完善,这需要生物学和环境科学理论的进一步支撑。该课题结合了多学科理论知识,而跨学科的研究本身就是一种趋势。随着实验的深入和推进,系统存在的各项盲点将逐一突破,性能与功用将继续提升。面向未来的产品将会应用于环境监测、卫生防疫、食品生产、医疗诊断、科研检测等领域,并将会对居民各项用水的改善产生巨大作用。
[Abstract]:The achievements of mankind's great strides are obvious, however, each of these small steps changes the surroundings, including Earth and even space. Harmful poisons and wastes have caused great harm and trauma to our environment, one of which is water. The fact that we are already living in a state of water scarcity, coupled with the destruction of it, has caused many cases of disease and even death, which have hindered our progress. For the use, development and monitoring of water, it is necessary to ensure the purity and safety of drinking water. Traditional biological methods and physical and chemical methods can ensure the accuracy of the results, but they lack timeliness, simplicity and ease of operation. Unable to adapt to the rapid pace of contemporary life. In order to meet the requirements of rapid detection and evaluation of drinking water quality, a new type of photoelectric technology was designed to detect the quality of water. In China, a new technology based on luminescent bacteria has emerged in recent years, and foreign experts have begun to use it for atmospheric monitoring during World War II, and our country pays close attention to it after foreign countries. After 1950, we began to do a lot of applied research. And mastered the application technology. As a new biological measurement method, luminescent bacteria technology has been widely used in water environment, and its stable and continuous luminescence characteristics have been the focus of our application due to its wide range of sources and very low cost. In this paper, the external characteristics and internal mechanism of luminescent bacteria are studied in detail, especially the reaction mechanism. The whole reaction chain is introduced, and the key link, namely the relationship between bacterial luminescence and water environment, is emphasized. Prepare knowledge for system architecture. In view of this luminous characteristic, the system designs the detailed detection flow, draws the detailed hardware architecture diagram, the software running process and the follow-up steps. The layout of the system starts with the hardware structure. The key units of the system are designed one by one, including the sampling unit, the optical receiving and signal converting unit, the controller part, the power supply module and so on. Finally, the interconnection of each hardware configuration is adjusted. In addition, the design of the circuit board is also an important step in the hardware structure, and the key details can not be ignored. The completion of the hardware marks the beginning of the software design. Any instructions and requirements of the experimenter are sent to the system through the program. The software part corresponds to the hardware modules and follows the structural characteristics. The completion of hardware and software matching does not mark the end of the design, but also needs to be debugged as a whole. In order to ensure the reliability of the testing system, the system is debugged by two ways: real measurement and software simulation. After the initial design is completed, subsequent experimental verification is also essential, and a large amount of repetitive work is required to eliminate accidental factors. The detection equipment based on the new technology of luminescent bacteria can compare or even surpass other existing methods in every performance, which is due to the superiority of the device performance. The high sensitivity, low noise and fast conversion efficiency of the PMT can not be separated from the powerful in-chip structure of the main controller. The detection results of the current system need to be further improved, which needs the further support of biological and environmental science theory. The subject combines multi-disciplinary theoretical knowledge, and cross-disciplinary research itself is a trend. With the development of the experiment, the blind spot of the system will break through one by one, and the performance and function will continue to improve. Future-oriented products will be applied to environmental monitoring, health prevention, food production, medical diagnosis, scientific research and testing, and will play a great role in improving the water use of residents.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP274

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