新型离子印迹电化学传感器的研制及应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 17:01

  本文选题：金属离子 + 纳米材料　； 参考：《吉首大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：离子印迹技术作为印迹技术的重要分支,以离子为模板,通过螯合、聚合、洗脱而制备对模板离子具有特异识别性能的印迹材料。这种离子印迹聚合物具有高识别性能和抗干扰能力强等特点,为实现离子的检测与分离提供了一个新方法。鉴于电化学分析很难直接检测痕量金属离子,本文将利用纳米材料,包括以氧化石墨烯,碳纳米管,氧化石墨烯足球烯复合物为修饰材料提高电极灵敏度,结合离子印迹技术,构建一系列制备简单,灵敏度高,快速检测的离子印迹电化学传感器,对痕微量铅离子、铜离子、镉离子等金属离子进行检测。具体如下:一、以采用铜离子为模板离子,多巴胺为功能单体与交联剂,形成预组装溶液,在石墨烯修饰碳电极表面发生电聚合形成铜离子印迹层,制备的铜离子印迹电化学传感器。并以电化学检测方法对铜离子印迹传感器的性能进行了探究。结果表明,在浓度为5.0×10-6~5.0×10-11mol/L的范围内,铜离子印迹电化学传感器的铜离子浓度的负对数和响应电流之间呈现出较好的线性关系,最低检测限为1.0×10-11mol/L。将铜离子印迹电化学传感器应用于检测环境水样中的微量铜离子。二、用Pb(Ⅱ)与Cd(Ⅱ)为双模板离子,L-组氨酸与二乙烯三胺基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为功能单体,制备双离子印迹聚合物,并修饰在碳纳米管修饰电极表面。实验结果表明该研印迹电化学传感器能同时检测两种金属离子,双离子印迹电化学传感器对金属离子的检测快速、灵敏。在优化条件下,在3.0×10-10~3.0×10-7 mol/L范围内,该印迹传感器的响应电流与Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)浓度的负对数浓度表现出良好的线性关系,最低检出限分别为1.5×10-11mol/L和3.0×10-10mol/L(S/N=3)。在水样、头发和牛奶中检测金属离子结果良好。三、以Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)为多模板离子,甲基丙烯酸与乙二胺四乙酸为功能单体,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,在乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作用下发生交联反应,制备成多离子印迹聚合物。用滴涂法修饰至氧化石墨烯足球烯电极表面研制新型多离子印迹电化学传感器。用循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗法(EIS)与差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)等检测的方法对多离子印迹电化学传感器的性能进行表征。结果表明在离子浓度1.0×10-6~1.0×10-9 mol/L范围内,多离子印迹电化学传感器的离子浓度与响应电流的负对数之间,具有较好的线性关系。并成功地应用于土壤、植物等中的多种金属离子的同时检测。
[Abstract]:Ion imprinting technology is an important branch of imprinting technology. The imprinted materials with special recognition ability to template ions are prepared by chelating polymerization and elution using ions as templates. The ion-imprinted polymer has the advantages of high recognition performance and strong anti-interference ability, which provides a new method for ion detection and separation. In view of the fact that electrochemical analysis is difficult to detect trace metal ions directly, nano-materials, including graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and graphene oxide complex, are used to improve the electrode sensitivity. A series of ion imprinted electrochemical sensors with simple, high sensitivity and rapid detection were constructed to detect trace lead ion, copper ion, cadmium ion and so on. The main results are as follows: first, copper ion was used as template ion, dopamine as functional monomer and crosslinking agent to form preassembled solution, and copper ion imprinted layer was formed by electropolymerization on the surface of graphene modified carbon electrode. Copper ion imprinted electrochemical sensor was prepared. The performance of copper ion imprinting sensor was investigated by electrochemical detection. The results show that there is a good linear relationship between the negative logarithm of copper ion concentration and the response current of copper ion imprinted electrochemical sensor in the concentration range of 5.0 脳 10 ~ (-6) ~ (-1) 脳 10 ~ (-11) mol / L, and the lowest detection limit is 1.0 脳 10 ~ (-11) mol 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). Copper ion imprinted electrochemical sensor was applied to the determination of trace copper ions in environmental water samples. Secondly, double ion imprinted polymers were prepared by using Pb (鈪，

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