基于LEACH的无线传感器网络算法的研究与改进

发布时间：2018-06-06 13:00

本文选题：可移动节点 + 随机路点模型　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着信息技术不断的发展,无线传感器网络在智能家居,交通管理,公共安全等方面都有较为广泛的应用。但由于无线传感器的能量有限,如何提高传感器的能量利用率,延长WSN的存活时间成为了学术界日益关注的一个课题。分簇路由协议以其在节能和提高网络可靠性方面良好的性能而闻名,其中包括降低通信延迟与避免冲突和拥塞。典型的分簇路由协议如LEACH,它具有平衡传感器节点能耗、延长传感器网络生命周期的优点。因为LEACH协议的网络模型中假定所有的传感器节点都是静态的且所处位置已知,所以LEACH协议并不适用于含动态节点的无线传感器网络中。本文将能量和数据包传输率作为重要指标,探索更适合可移动节点的分簇路由协议。首先对无线传感器网络的体系结构和节点组成进行详细地介绍,包括无线传感网络的基本特征和路由协议的研究情况。其次,针对LEACH协议以及改进类LEACH协议的不足,做了两个方面的改进,并提出了LEACH-FLM算法。第一个方面:常用的移动模型为随机路点模型,但随机路点模型缺乏对实际每个移动节点多样性的考虑,即一维的速度不能准确地模拟传感器节点的移动特性。为了弥补上述的缺陷,本文提出一种基于随机路点模型演变而来的移动模型,它采用三个不同维度的速度代替随机路点模型一维的速度。第二方面:对比LEACH协议在簇头选择阶段采用随机概率和改进协议中只考虑距离、能量、稳定的单个因素,该协议利用模糊逻辑算法将距离、能量、稳定性皆纳入考虑范围。本文采用MATLAB进行仿真,并设立了5个对比组,分别是应用于静态节点的LEACH协议、应用于动态节点的LEACH协议、基于传感器节点到基站距离的LEACH协议、基于传感器节点剩余能量的LEACH协议、基于传感器节点稳定性的LEACH协议。仿真结果表明LEACH-FLM比对其它5个不同的LEACH协议在死亡节点的数量、剩余能量的总和、成功到达基站的分数总和三个方面,都具有优秀的性能表现,特别是在节约传感器节点能量和提高数据包传输率方面。
[Abstract]:With the development of information technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used in smart home, traffic management, public safety and so on. However, due to the limited energy of the wireless sensor, how to improve the energy efficiency of the sensor and prolong the survival time of the WSN has become a growing concern of the academic community. Cluster routing protocols are well known for their good performance in energy saving and improving network reliability, including reducing communication delays and avoiding conflicts and congestion. A typical cluster routing protocol, such as Leech, has the advantages of balancing the energy consumption of sensor nodes and prolonging the lifetime of sensor networks. Because the network model of LEACH protocol assumes that all sensor nodes are static and the location is known, LEACH protocol is not suitable for wireless sensor networks with dynamic nodes. In this paper, energy and packet transmission rate are taken as important indicators to explore a cluster routing protocol that is more suitable for mobile nodes. Firstly, the architecture and node composition of wireless sensor networks are introduced in detail, including the basic characteristics of wireless sensor networks and the research of routing protocols. Secondly, aiming at the deficiency of LEACH protocol and improved LEACH protocol, two improvements are made, and the LEACH-FLM algorithm is proposed. The first aspect: the commonly used moving model is the random path point model, but the random path point model lacks the consideration of the diversity of the actual mobile nodes, that is, the one-dimensional velocity can not accurately simulate the mobility characteristics of the sensor nodes. In order to make up for the above defects, this paper proposes a moving model based on random path point model, which uses three different dimensions of velocity to replace the one-dimensional velocity of random path point model. The second aspect: comparing the random probability of the LEACH protocol in the cluster head selection phase and considering only the single factor of distance, energy and stability in the improved protocol, the protocol uses fuzzy logic algorithm to take the distance, energy and stability into account. In this paper, MATLAB is used to simulate, and five comparison groups are set up, which are LEACH protocol applied to static node, LEACH protocol applied to dynamic node, and LEACH protocol based on the distance between sensor node and base station. LEACH protocol based on residual energy of sensor node and LEACH protocol based on sensor node stability. The simulation results show that LEACH-FLM has excellent performance in three aspects: the number of dead nodes, the sum of residual energy, and the sum of scores of successful arrival at the base station, compared with the other five different LEACH protocols. Especially in saving the energy of sensor nodes and improving the transmission rate of data packets.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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