鸡蛋分级包装生产线自动控制系统的设计与试验

发布时间：2018-06-13 21:22

本文选题：鸡蛋 + 分级包装　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：鸡蛋质量分级是鸡蛋生产加工和销售前处理的重要工序之一。目前,发达国家生产的鸡蛋分级包装生产线效率较高,该类型机器最高生产效率达到180 000枚/h,而中国市场上主流的鸡蛋称量分级机生产效率最高为10 000~20 000枚/h。本文结合我国中小型企业对鸡蛋分级机的实际需求,研究了30 000枚/h的鸡蛋电子称量、分级包装生产线的同步跟踪自动控制系统,该系统由称量部分、分级部分、装盘部分和自动送盘部分组成。本课题研究的重点包括鸡蛋重量检测、鸡蛋位置同步跟踪,鸡蛋分级包装控制和模拟仿真部分。主要的研究内容和研究结果如下:(1)在鸡蛋重量检测部分,利用一种32位嵌入式RISC处理器ARM同时采集多个通道传感器的鸡蛋重量信号并进行处理,将处理后的信息通过并行口送到可编程逻辑控制器PLC的寄存器,PLC对鸡蛋重量进行等级判断。在鸡蛋的同步位置跟踪部分,利用限位开关脉冲作为数据传递的触发信号,然后利用编码器产生的高速脉冲实现对鸡蛋运动的位置精确定位,并控制相应继电器和电磁铁,对鸡蛋按重量进行分级;(2)在硬件上搭建了模拟滤波模块、A/D转换摸块、通讯接口电路以及ARM控制器等组成的鸡蛋零速电子称量及PLC控制的分级系统,设计完成该电路的PCB板;在软件上编写了称重信号采集程序、鸡蛋位置同步跟踪程序、鸡蛋分级控制系统程序、上位机界面等;(3)试制了该生产线的核心部分——上料称重装置,进行了称重传感器的标定和称量精度的试验;对生产线的分级装置和同步位置跟踪系统,则采用Irai机电一体化仿真软件,在外部PLC控制器和控制程序中对计算机内VU Pro模块中虚拟的3D生产线机械模型进行控制和虚实结合仿真;对该生产线的多排零速称重精度进行试验,对ARM和PLC的数据通信进行在线测试,同时测试称重中鸡蛋的破损率,检验称重分级生产率以及系统的稳定性和可靠性等;试验结果表明:在生产效率为30000枚/h时,该控制系统测量误差在±1g之间的鸡蛋占85.6%,分级准确率达到98%,该研究结果有助于提高鸡蛋分级的生产效率,可为鸡蛋分级技术国产化提供参考。
[Abstract]:Egg quality grading is one of the important processes of egg production, processing and sale. At present, the production efficiency of egg grading packaging production line in developed countries is relatively high, the highest production efficiency of this type of machine is 180 000 / h, while the production efficiency of mainstream egg weighing classifier in Chinese market is 10 000 ~ 20 000 / h. In this paper, according to the actual demand of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises for egg classifier, the automatic synchronous tracking control system of 30 000 / h egg electronic weighing and grading packaging production line is studied. The system consists of weighing part, grading part, and so on. The packing part and the automatic feeding part are composed of two parts. The research focuses on egg weight detection, egg position synchronization tracking, egg grading packaging control and simulation. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) in the egg weight detection part, an embedded 32-bit RISC processor arm is used to simultaneously collect and process egg weight signals from multiple channel sensors. The processed information is sent to the register PLC of PLC through parallel port to judge the weight of egg. In the synchronous position tracking part of the egg, the limit switch pulse is used as the trigger signal for data transmission, and then the high speed pulse generated by the encoder is used to accurately locate the position of the egg motion, and the corresponding relay and electromagnet are controlled. The egg is classified according to the weight of eggs. (a) A / D conversion block, communication interface circuit and arm controller are built on the hardware. The egg zero speed electronic weighing and PLC control grading system is designed and the PCB board of the circuit is designed. A weighing signal acquisition program, an egg position synchronous tracking program, an egg grading control system program and a host computer interface are programmed in the software. The calibration and weighing accuracy of the weighing sensor are tested, and the classifying device and the synchronous position tracking system of the production line are simulated by Irai mechatronics simulation software. In the external PLC controller and control program, the virtual 3D production line mechanical model in the VU Pro module in the computer is controlled and simulated with virtual reality, and the precision of multi-row zero speed weighing of the production line is tested. The data communication between arm and PLC is tested online, and the breakage rate of eggs in weighing is tested, the productivity of weighing grading, the stability and reliability of the system are tested, and the results show that when the production efficiency is 30000 / h, The control system accounts for 85.6 eggs with a measuring error of 卤1g, and the classification accuracy is 98. The results of this study are helpful to improve the production efficiency of egg classification and provide reference for the localization of egg grading technology.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS206.5;TP273

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