一种高稳定度微波辐射计体制研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 06:06

本文选题：微波辐射计 + 飞行器结冰　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：微波辐射计属于一种无源的微波测量装置,它只是被动地接收目标及其周围环境辐射的随机噪声,自身是不会发射微波信号的。同有源的微波遥感相比较,微波辐射计的优点是重量轻、功耗省、体积小、成本低等,并且能够全天时、全天候地进行遥感工作。以上这些优点使其得到了非常广泛的应用。但是,由于受定标源的限制以及辐射计系统增益和本机噪声波动的影响,辐射计任有许多问题尚未得到很好的解决,如长期稳定性、高灵敏度(温度分辨率)、高绝对测量精度等。在本文中提出了一种能消除系统增益和本机噪声波动影响的新体制辐射计,设计了试验样机,并对其性能指标进行了测试和分析。同时,也对目前常用飞机积冰预报方法和应用微波辐射计测量飞机飞行潜在积冰区积冰的原理进行了论述。本论文的主要工作包括如下几个方面:1.将近年来微波辐射计技术的发展趋势做了详细的阐述。2.分析了微波遥感的原理。3.介绍了与飞机积冰相关的知识,并详细分析了以微波辐射计为基础的综合预报系统。4.详细分析了新体制辐射计的理论基础,并在此基础上设计了单通道试验样机,其中包括如何选取微波开关和参考噪声源,以及接收机高频前端和低频电路的设计等。5.详细介绍和分析了新体制辐射计试验样机的测量结果和性能指标。
[Abstract]:Microwave radiometer belongs to a passive microwave measuring device. It only passively receives the random noise from the target and its surrounding environment and does not emit microwave signals by itself. Compared with active microwave remote sensing, microwave radiometer has the advantages of light weight, low power consumption, small volume and low cost. These advantages make it widely used. However, due to the limitation of the calibration source and the influence of the gain of the radiometer system and the fluctuation of the local noise, there are many problems of the radiometer which have not been solved well, such as long-term stability. High sensitivity (temperature resolution, high absolute measurement accuracy, etc. In this paper a new system radiometer which can eliminate the influence of system gain and local noise fluctuation is proposed. The experimental prototype is designed and its performance index is tested and analyzed. At the same time, it also discusses the commonly used aircraft ice prediction methods and the principle of using microwave radiometer to measure the ice accumulation in aircraft flight potential ice accumulation area. The main work of this paper includes the following aspects: 1. The development trend of microwave radiometer technology in recent years is described in detail. The principle of microwave remote sensing is analyzed. The knowledge related to aircraft ice deposition is introduced, and the comprehensive forecast system based on microwave radiometer is analyzed in detail. The theoretical basis of the new radiometer is analyzed in detail, and a single-channel experimental prototype is designed, which includes how to select the microwave switch and reference noise source, and the design of the receiver's high-frequency front-end and low-frequency circuit. The measurement results and performance indexes of the new system radiometer test prototype are introduced and analyzed in detail.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP73

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