基于筒形传感器的轴向力与径向力的动态检测

发布时间：2018-06-21 13:02

本文选题：筒形测力传感器 + 轴向力　；参考：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代社会中水泵的应用十分普遍,其中影响水泵平稳运行的关键因素是水泵泵轴的性能。水泵的内部机械结构属于流体结构。在运行过程中,叶轮前后的流体压力差会在泵轴上产生轴向上的推力。当轴向推力过大,超出水泵承受范围时,会影响水泵的使用寿命。另外,由于叶片和泵轴的安装偏差及加工过程中几何中心与重心不重合而产生的离心力,该离心力即为水泵转子的径向力。当径向力超过泵轴承受范围时,会带来叶轮划膛,轴承磨损等问题。相比常见的定子端安装传感器,测量水泵轴向力与径向力的方法,由于筒形测力传感器安装在水泵转子(泵轴)上,因此减少了力由转子传递到定子过程中的损耗,测量结果更准确。通过查阅相应文献发现前人没有使用过类似的测量方法,由于没有可以借鉴的方案,很多技术与细节问题需要克服。测量过程中筒形测力传感器与水泵转子一起作高速旋转。为了防止引线缠绕,将数据采集板、锂电池和防水密封等部件都组装到筒形弹性元件内部。水泵机械结构紧凑内部空间小,限制了筒形测力传感器机械尺寸,因此数据采集板器件密度高布线困难。本文针对水泵轴向力与径向力产生的原因进行分析;对筒形测力传感器工作原理以及数据采集板的设计做出详细的分析与说明;对模拟水泵实际运行测试试验的过程做出详细的阐述。在拉力机上对筒形测力传感器轴向力的量程、线性度、灵敏度;径向力的量程、线性度和灵敏度等传感器的静态参数进行标定。通过电机拖动筒形测力传感器旋转,获得传感器模拟水泵实际运行的测试数据。经傅里叶变换得到信号幅频特性曲线,对采集获得的数据进行频谱特性分析,确定噪声频率成份与电机转速相关。为排除电机转速及其多次谐波成份的干扰,应用MATLAB软件采用均值滤波的方法,提取出有效数据。将检测获得的有效数据与静态标定的数据作对比,得到相同载荷下模拟水泵实际运行测试结果与静态标定结果的满度相对误差。
[Abstract]:The application of pump is very common in modern society, among which the key factor affecting the smooth operation of pump is the performance of pump shaft. The internal mechanical structure of the pump belongs to a fluid structure. During operation, the fluid pressure difference between the impeller and the impeller will produce axial thrust on the pump shaft. When the axial thrust is too large, it will affect the service life of the pump. In addition, the centrifugal force is the radial force of the pump rotor because of the installation deviation of the blade and the pump shaft and the centrifugal force caused by the non-coincidence of the geometric center and the center of gravity in the machining process. When the radial force exceeds the bearing range of the pump shaft, it will bring problems such as impeller bore, bearing wear and so on. Compared with the usual stator end sensor, the method of measuring the axial and radial forces of the pump reduces the loss of the force transfer from the rotor to the stator because the cylindrical force sensor is installed on the pump rotor (pump shaft). The measurement results are more accurate. By referring to the relevant literature, it is found that previous people have not used similar measurement methods, and many technical and detailed problems need to be overcome because there are no plans to be used for reference. In the process of measurement, the cylindrical force sensor rotates with the pump rotor at high speed. To prevent wire winding, components such as data acquisition board, lithium battery and waterproof seal are assembled inside the cylindrical elastic element. The compact internal space of the pump is small, which limits the mechanical size of the cylindrical force sensor, so it is difficult to arrange the high density of the data acquisition board. In this paper, the causes of axial force and radial force of water pump are analyzed, the working principle of cylindrical force sensor and the design of data acquisition board are analyzed and explained in detail. The process of testing and testing the simulated pump is described in detail. The measurement range, linearity and sensitivity of axial force, the measurement range of radial force, linearity and sensitivity of the sensor are calibrated on the tension machine, and the static parameters of the sensor, such as the range of radial force, the linearity and the sensitivity of the sensor, are calibrated. By rotating the cylinder force sensor by the motor, the test data of the sensor simulating the actual operation of the pump are obtained. The amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the signal is obtained by Fourier transform. The spectrum characteristic of the acquired data is analyzed and the correlation between the frequency component of noise and the speed of motor is determined. In order to eliminate the interference of motor rotational speed and its multi-harmonic components, the effective data are extracted by using the method of mean filter using MATLAB software. By comparing the effective data obtained from the test with the static calibration data, the relative error between the actual operating test results and the static calibration results of the simulated pump under the same load is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212

【参考文献】