基于STM32的隧道照明智能控制系统设计

发布时间：2018-07-18 11:16

【摘要】：随着国内公路建设的快速发展,隧道数量也在逐年增多。隧道作为特殊的公路路段,其内的光线亮度与外界相差甚大。因此,需要在其内部安装照明设施,以减少驾驶员进出隧道时引起的视觉问题,从而保证行车人员的安全。目前,大多数的隧道照明控制系统采用的是时序分级控制法,该方法是根据不同时段的照明预案对隧道照明回路的逻辑开关进行控制的,照明值的设定均以设计参数的最大值来考虑,无法依据实时环境参数进行动态合理地调节隧道内的照明亮度,不仅给行车人员带来安全隐患,还造成了一定程度的能源浪费。因此,针对传统照明控制系统存在的能耗大、适应性差、安全性低、智能化程度低等问题,本文以“按需照明”为理念、节能为宗旨、新型照明调光技术为基础,构建一套基于STM32的隧道照明智能控制系统,重点围绕智能控制和节能两个方面进行研究。具体工作如下:首先,本文从隧道照明的相关技术出发,对比分析无极灯、钠灯和LED灯三种常见的隧道照明装置,并介绍隧道照明中手动、自动、智能三种控制技术,同时列举目前常用的照明调光技术和信号传输方式,并对比分析各自的原理及优缺点,从而引出本文所设系统所需的节能控制技术。其次,针对大长隧道,本文从总体结构上对隧道照明系统进行分析与设计:将系统分为监控中心和控制中心,重点采用分层思想将控制中心分为主控制器、调光控制器和LED控制器,并对各部分之间的通信方式和系统的控制方式进行选择与分析。同时对系统的控制策略进行研究:依据《公路隧道照明设计细则》中的设计要求,结合模糊神经网络控制算法,建立以隧道洞外亮度、过往车辆的车速及车流量为输入参数,以隧道照明调光值为输出的控制模型,并对该模型的控制效果进行了验证。最后,针对所设系统的控制单元进行详细设计。主要以STM32为主控芯片进行主控制器、调光控制器、LED控制器的设计。其中主控制器用于接收洞外亮度、车速及车流量等实时数据,并经过控制算法的处理,输出照明调光信号;调光控制器,接收主控制器下发的调光指令,制定相应的调光策略,进一步输出调光指令;LED控制器接收调光控制器下发的调光指令,驱动LED照明装置,完成隧道照明调光任务,实现“按需照明”,达到节能目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of highway construction in China, the number of tunnels is increasing year by year. As a special road section, the light intensity of the tunnel is very different from that of the outside world. Therefore, it is necessary to install lighting facilities inside the tunnel to reduce the visual problems caused by drivers entering and leaving the tunnel, so as to ensure the safety of the driver. At present, most tunnel lighting control systems adopt the sequential hierarchical control method, which controls the logic switch of the tunnel lighting circuit according to the lighting plan of different periods. The lighting value is set by the maximum value of the design parameter, which can not adjust the lighting brightness dynamically and reasonably according to the real-time environmental parameters, which not only brings safety hidden trouble to the driver, but also results in a certain degree of energy waste. Therefore, in view of the problems existing in the traditional lighting control system, such as large energy consumption, poor adaptability, low security and low intelligence, this paper is based on the idea of "lighting on demand", energy saving and new lighting dimming technology. An intelligent control system of tunnel lighting based on STM32 is constructed, focusing on intelligent control and energy saving. The specific work is as follows: firstly, this paper compares and analyzes three common tunnel lighting devices, such as pole lamp, sodium lamp and LED lamp, and introduces three kinds of control technologies, namely manual, automatic and intelligent, based on the related technology of tunnel lighting. At the same time, the common lighting dimming technology and signal transmission methods are listed, and their principles, advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed, thus leading to the energy saving control technology needed by the system in this paper. Secondly, this paper analyzes and designs the tunnel lighting system from the overall structure: the system is divided into the monitoring center and the control center, and the control center is divided into the main controller with the idea of stratification. Dimming controller and LED controller are selected and analyzed. At the same time, the control strategy of the system is studied: according to the design requirements of "Highway Tunnel Lighting Design rules", combined with the fuzzy neural network control algorithm, the input parameters are the brightness of the tunnel outside the tunnel, the speed and the flow rate of passing vehicles. The control model of tunnel lighting dimming value is taken as the output, and the control effect of the model is verified. Finally, the control unit of the system is designed in detail. STM32 is used as the main control chip to design the main controller and the dimming controller to design the LED controller. The main controller is used to receive real-time data such as luminance, speed and vehicle flow rate, and output dimming signal by the control algorithm, and dimming controller receives dimming instructions from the main controller and formulates the corresponding dimming strategy. Further output dimming instruction LED controller receives dimming instruction from dimming controller, drives LED lighting device, completes tunnel lighting dimming task, realizes "lighting on demand" and achieves energy saving purpose.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U453.7;TP273

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