农村小水电水轮发电机组在线监测与控制系统

发布时间：2018-08-28 18:06

【摘要】：小水电是当前技术最成熟、经济性最好的可再生能源,开展农村小水电水轮发电机组在线监控系统研究,可以有效地通过振动信息分析来帮助机组提高运行效率,为水电站的经济生产和安全运行提供了可靠的辅助手段,对发展农村小水电具有实际指导意义。水电站的水轮发电机组是电能转换装置,其运行状态关系到水电站是否能够安全经济而有效率的供电。就农村小水电水轮发电机组的发展现状与应用技术而言,实现低成本、高效率的机组在线监控系统,提高运行维护的提前性与针对性,对于农村小水电的发展是十分必要的。本文论述了在线监控系统的重要意义与目的,详细描述了目前国内外小水电水轮机组研究现状,为系统软硬件设计奠定了理论基础与思考方向。小水电自身有着机组小、容量小、调试安装简单的特点,因其产生的振动对电网影响较小,所以在实际生产中得不到过多的重视。对小水电的振动问题关注较少,加上其设计工况不优频频出现振动问题导致小水电站生产效率过低。以往的监控平台在数据采集及分析技术上已经相当成熟,基本上都是通过振动信息的频谱分析来确定振动来源,但在解决问题上,由于每一个水电站的特性,每个机组解决方法都无法相同,而有关于解决机组优化运行这个问题的研究成果并不太多,且目前此类产品进口及国产价格都比较高,因此本文提出了一种低成本的小水电机组在线监控系统。这种低成本水轮发电机组在线监控系统,通过频域与时域两个方面分析找出机组振动趋势与规律,通过状态分析实现预诊断,使得对维修点做出针对性的准确判断并进行及时维护,减小水电站的经济损失与安全隐患。在机组振动数据的采集、数据传输、数据库建立等系统的软硬件结构上进行设计,将水轮发电机组运行信息进行可视化,通过专家系统的诊断与预警功能,完成对水轮发电机组的在线监测,实现农村小水电站的智能运行。基于上述系统的设计,本文通过在广西三岔水电站的实际应用为例,实验结果显示了该系统的可行性,通过对监测数据的计算和分析,该应用系统有效地帮助机组提高运行效率,为水电站的安全生产和效率提高提供了可靠的辅助手段,对促进农村小水电发展有一定的实际意义。在文章结尾对本文的研究成果进行总结与展望,讨论了实际发展中以及该系统还需改进的问题,并明确今后的发展目标与方向。
[Abstract]:Small hydropower is the most mature and economical renewable energy at present. The research on on-line monitoring system of small hydropower turbine generator set in rural areas can effectively help the unit to improve its operating efficiency through vibration information analysis. It provides reliable auxiliary means for economic production and safe operation of hydropower stations, and has practical guiding significance for the development of small hydropower stations in rural areas. The hydroelectric generating unit of hydropower station is a power conversion device, and its operation state is related to the safe, economical and efficient power supply of the hydropower station. As far as the development and application technology of rural small hydropower turbine generator is concerned, it is necessary for the development of rural small hydropower unit to realize the low cost and high efficiency unit on-line monitoring system and to improve the advance and pertinence of operation and maintenance. This paper discusses the significance and purpose of on-line monitoring and control system, describes in detail the present research situation of small hydropower turbine sets at home and abroad, and lays a theoretical foundation and thinking direction for the design of system hardware and software. Small hydropower has the characteristics of small unit, small capacity, simple debugging and installation, because of its vibration has little influence on the power network, so it can not be paid too much attention in actual production. Little attention has been paid to the vibration problems of small hydropower stations, and the frequent vibration problems caused by the poor design conditions lead to the low production efficiency of small hydropower stations. In the past, the monitoring platform has been quite mature in data acquisition and analysis technology. Basically, the vibration source is determined by spectrum analysis of vibration information. However, in solving the problem, because of the characteristics of each hydropower station, The solutions for each unit are not the same, but there are not many research results on solving the problem of optimal operation of the units, and at present the import and domestic prices of such products are relatively high. Therefore, this paper presents a low-cost on-line monitoring system for small hydropower units. The on-line monitoring system of low cost hydrogenerator sets is analyzed in frequency domain and time domain to find out the vibration trend and law of the unit, and to realize pre-diagnosis by state analysis. It makes the maintenance point accurate judgment and timely maintenance to reduce the economic loss and safety hidden trouble of hydropower station. Based on the software and hardware structure of the system, such as the collection, transmission and database establishment of the unit vibration data, the operation information of the turbine generator set is visualized, and the diagnosis and early warning function of the expert system is adopted. The on-line monitoring of hydroelectric generating units is completed, and the intelligent operation of small hydropower stations in rural areas is realized. Based on the design of the above system, through the practical application of Sancha Hydropower Station in Guangxi as an example, the experimental results show the feasibility of the system, and through the calculation and analysis of the monitoring data, The application system can effectively help the unit to improve its operational efficiency, provide reliable auxiliary means for the safe production and efficiency improvement of hydropower stations, and have certain practical significance for promoting the development of small hydropower stations in rural areas. At the end of the paper, the research results of this paper are summarized and prospected, and the problems that need to be improved in the actual development and the system are discussed, and the development goal and direction in the future are defined.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP277;S24

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