应用于无线传感网的时钟同步分布式协议设计
发布时间：2018-09-05 07:48
【摘要】：随着近些年具有感知、采集、存储及处理数据,以及无线通信功能的微型、低成本、低功耗、可编程传感器设计及制造技术的发展,无线传感器网络在更多的领域内获得了更为广泛的应用。而无线传感网的大量应用都要求网络中各传感器节点本地时钟时间要相同,然而低成本的传感器芯片片上晶振会受其自身及外在因素的干扰而发生频率上的漂移,使得网络中各节点本地时钟之间会产生时间上的偏差,故设计并实施通信及计算负担较小的同步协议有着十分重要的研究意义。本文旨在为各传感器节点外部时钟设计分布式同步协议,从而完成整个网络内部的时钟同步。本文在该研究领域内的阶段性成果如下:1.针对时变的时钟斜率,建立了物理及虚拟时钟斜率模型,并基于该模型设计了时钟斜率及时钟时间分布式同步协议,同时给出了算法中参数的普适性计算方法。2.通过结合滤波器及控制器的设计方法,在建立传感器节点外部时钟模型的基础上,给出了能实现各节点外部时钟时间及时间变化量同时同步的分布式协议。应用该协议可使时钟同步的实现对无线传感网中节点晶振频率的变动、数据的量测嗓声、数据丢包,以及节点失效等具有鲁棒性。3.本文中的分布式同步协议主要包括分布式同步算法的设计及应用算法时通信机制的设计。算法中的输入变量从理论上证明是工程上可获得的,输出变量也证明是工程上可实现的。所设计的通信机制使网络中各节点可在不获取网络外部时间的情况下,完成分布式算法的运行;并且,该通信机制能既能应对网路中节点间同步通信的情况也能处理节点间为异步通信的情况。从而,保证了该文中分布式协议在工程上的实用性。4.本文为分布式同步算法设计了分布式停止协议,使同步算法能在有限时间内结束,符合工程应用且能节省能量。同时,还提出了对强连通有向拓扑图具有普适性的时钟同步维持算法。结合本文给出的时钟同步获取算法,停止协议及时钟同步维持算法可形成具有节能特性的时钟同步实现策略。5.理论上证明、分析了所提算法的有效性,并通过仿真实验进行了数值验证。
[Abstract]:With the development of micro, low cost, low power, programmable sensor design and manufacture technology with sensing, collecting, storing and processing data, and wireless communication function in recent years, Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in more fields. However, the local clock time of each sensor node in the wireless sensor network is the same. However, the low cost sensor chip wafer will drift in frequency due to the interference of its own and external factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and implement synchronization protocols with less communication and computational burden. The purpose of this paper is to design a distributed synchronization protocol for the external clock of each sensor node, so as to complete the clock synchronization in the whole network. The results of this paper in the field of research are as follows: 1. According to the time-varying clock slope, the physical and virtual clock slope models are established. Based on the model, the clock slope and clock time distributed synchronization protocol are designed, and the universal calculation method of the parameters in the algorithm is given. Based on the design method of filter and controller, a distributed protocol which can synchronize the external clock time and time variation of each node is presented based on the external clock model of sensor node. By using this protocol, the clock synchronization can improve the robustness of the wireless sensor network, such as changing the crystal frequency of the node, measuring the noise of the data, losing the packet of the data, and the node failure. The distributed synchronization protocol in this paper mainly includes the design of distributed synchronization algorithm and the design of communication mechanism when applying the algorithm. The input variables in the algorithm are proved to be engineering available theoretically and the output variables are also proved to be engineering realizable. The designed communication mechanism enables each node in the network to complete the operation of the distributed algorithm without obtaining the external time of the network. The communication mechanism can deal with the synchronous communication between nodes in the network and the asynchronous communication between nodes. Thus, it ensures the practicability of the distributed protocol in engineering. 4. In this paper, a distributed stop protocol is designed for the distributed synchronization algorithm, which makes the synchronization algorithm end in a limited time, which conforms to the engineering application and saves energy. At the same time, a clock synchronization maintenance algorithm with universality for strongly connected directed topology graphs is proposed. Combined with the clock synchronization acquisition algorithm presented in this paper, the stop-down protocol and the clock synchronization maintenance algorithm can form a clock synchronization implementation strategy with energy-saving characteristics .5. Theoretically, the validity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and the numerical results are verified by simulation experiments.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5
本文编号：2223641
[Abstract]:With the development of micro, low cost, low power, programmable sensor design and manufacture technology with sensing, collecting, storing and processing data, and wireless communication function in recent years, Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in more fields. However, the local clock time of each sensor node in the wireless sensor network is the same. However, the low cost sensor chip wafer will drift in frequency due to the interference of its own and external factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and implement synchronization protocols with less communication and computational burden. The purpose of this paper is to design a distributed synchronization protocol for the external clock of each sensor node, so as to complete the clock synchronization in the whole network. The results of this paper in the field of research are as follows: 1. According to the time-varying clock slope, the physical and virtual clock slope models are established. Based on the model, the clock slope and clock time distributed synchronization protocol are designed, and the universal calculation method of the parameters in the algorithm is given. Based on the design method of filter and controller, a distributed protocol which can synchronize the external clock time and time variation of each node is presented based on the external clock model of sensor node. By using this protocol, the clock synchronization can improve the robustness of the wireless sensor network, such as changing the crystal frequency of the node, measuring the noise of the data, losing the packet of the data, and the node failure. The distributed synchronization protocol in this paper mainly includes the design of distributed synchronization algorithm and the design of communication mechanism when applying the algorithm. The input variables in the algorithm are proved to be engineering available theoretically and the output variables are also proved to be engineering realizable. The designed communication mechanism enables each node in the network to complete the operation of the distributed algorithm without obtaining the external time of the network. The communication mechanism can deal with the synchronous communication between nodes in the network and the asynchronous communication between nodes. Thus, it ensures the practicability of the distributed protocol in engineering. 4. In this paper, a distributed stop protocol is designed for the distributed synchronization algorithm, which makes the synchronization algorithm end in a limited time, which conforms to the engineering application and saves energy. At the same time, a clock synchronization maintenance algorithm with universality for strongly connected directed topology graphs is proposed. Combined with the clock synchronization acquisition algorithm presented in this paper, the stop-down protocol and the clock synchronization maintenance algorithm can form a clock synchronization implementation strategy with energy-saving characteristics .5. Theoretically, the validity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and the numerical results are verified by simulation experiments.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5
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