基于PLC的苹果套网装置设计

发布时间：2018-10-24 21:56

【摘要】：我国是世界第一苹果生产大国,苹果的迅速商品化使得大量苹果在国内异地销售和进行国际贸易,苹果由于其自身质地脆嫩,在采摘、装箱、运输、贮藏以及深加工的所有环节中造成机械损伤,苹果运输过程中的机械损伤是造成其大量损耗的主要原因之一,发泡塑料网作缓冲包装时,可有效地降低苹果损伤率。目前,苹果在采收后立刻使用网套对苹果进行保护是有效避免机械损伤的重要方式,但是该工序都是由人工完成的,随着产量的增加和人工成本的增加,以及对苹果包装自动化程度要求的提高,设计一款能够自动实现苹果快速套网的装备势在必行。苹果套网装置为基于PLC为控制核心的集机、电、气、光一体化设备,苹果进入装置的定位输送机构,能够在定位盘快速实现果梗垂直于水平面的定位,以确保发泡网套住抗压强度最小的苹果果腹部位;苹果定位之后,套网机构由PLC根据所测的光电信号及各种位置信号来控制套网机构各部分动作,代替人工作业实现给苹果套发泡网工序的自动化,有效地提高了套网的效率。本文对苹果套网装置进行了的机械系统设计,主要包括定位输送机构的设计、套网机构的各工作单元的设计,以及整机的装配。对苹果套网装置进行气动系统设计,气动控制回路图中各电磁阀线圈采用PLC技术进行控制,完成的设计工作包括气动元件的计算选型、气动回路设计、气动回路动态特性模拟等。装置采用三菱FX2N系列PLC作为控制核心,利用光电传感器检测苹果是否到位,通过固态继电器SSR来控制电磁离合器的分离与接合,进而控制定位输送机构的运行状态。分析苹果套网装置工艺控制要求,确定了苹果套网装置的动作流程及工作原理。进行电气控制系统的软硬件设计,设计了操作盘,绘制系统接线图,列出控制系统I/O表,根据苹果套网装置的控制逻辑,编写梯形图程序并进行仿真调试。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest apple producer, and the rapid commercialization of apples has led to the sale and international trade of a large number of apples in different parts of the country. Because of their crisp texture, apples are being picked, packed and transported. Mechanical damage is caused in all parts of storage and deep processing. Mechanical damage during apple transportation is one of the main reasons for the loss. When foam plastic mesh is used as buffer packaging, the damage rate of apple can be effectively reduced. At present, it is an important way for apple to protect itself from mechanical damage by using net cover immediately after harvest, but the process is done manually, as the output increases and the labor cost increases. It is imperative to design a kind of equipment that can automatically realize Apple's fast net. Apple netting device is an integrated device of collector, electricity, gas and light based on PLC as the control core, and the positioning and transportation mechanism of apple entering device, which can quickly realize the vertical positioning of fruit stem to horizontal plane in the positioning disk. In order to ensure that the foaming net covers the web of the apple with the lowest compressive strength, after the apple is positioned, the PLC controls each part of the net mechanism according to the measured photoelectric signals and various position signals. Instead of manual work, the automation of foaming net for apple was realized, and the efficiency of the net was improved effectively. In this paper, the design of the mechanical system of the Apple netting device is presented, including the design of the positioning conveying mechanism, the design of the work units of the latticed mechanism and the assembly of the whole machine. The pneumatic system is designed for the Apple latticed device. In the pneumatic control circuit diagram, the solenoid valve coils are controlled by PLC technology. The design work includes the calculation and selection of the pneumatic components, the design of the pneumatic loop, and the design of the pneumatic circuit. Simulation of dynamic characteristics of pneumatic loop, etc. The device adopts Mitsubishi FX2N series PLC as the control core, uses the photoelectric sensor to detect whether the apple is in place, and controls the separation and joint of the electromagnetic clutch through the solid-state relay SSR, and then controls the running state of the positioning conveying mechanism. The process control requirements of Apple netting device are analyzed, and the action flow and working principle of Apple netting device are determined. The hardware and software of the electric control system are designed, the operating plate is designed, the system wiring diagram is drawn up, and the I / O table of the control system is listed. According to the control logic of the Apple netting device, the trapezoidal diagram program is compiled and simulated.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S661.1;TP273

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