旋转机械故障同步振动模型及无线振动传感系统的研究
发布时间：2018-12-14 01:33
【摘要】：设备故障诊断对减小机械设备故障频率,控制保养费用起着重要的作用。随着对生产设备状况监测的需求不断增强,出现了对生产设备的某一部件状态进行精密、持续性监测的要求。传统故障检测方法将传感器放置在设备外表面或者设备中固定的元件上,只能通过各种分析方法处理振动信号对设备进行故障诊断,分析难度大。本文建立了旋转机械故障同步振动模型,设计一款可放置在旋转机械内部轴上的无线振动传感系统,更加靠近故障源,提高原始采集信号的信噪比,方便进行设备故障诊断。本文根据设计应用需求,确定了将无线振动传感系统放置在轴上的方案。针对齿轮箱中齿根裂纹故障以及齿面磨损等故障,分析了旋转测量以及齿轮故障振动共同作用下对传感器采集到的信号的幅值调制以及频率调制作用,推导了在将传感器放置在轴上时采集到的故障信号振动状态以及得到了新的故障频率,并针对齿轮故障特征提出了在分析齿轮故障时A-B轴测量方法。同时面对滚动轴承内圈、外圈点蚀故障,分析了与传统测量方式相比,轴上旋转测量的优劣。并根据轴上旋转测量的要求,设计了包含传感器、ADC、处理器等的模块化无线振动传感系统的硬件结构,完成了PCB的设计、打样与样机的制作,并基于Arduino平台编写了无线振动传感系统的底层驱动以及任务控制程序。最后,对本次设计的无线振动传感系统性能进行了测试,并将其安装在轴上对齿轮齿根裂纹故障、齿面不同程度磨损、轴承内圈故障进行了检测,与传统外置压电式传感器进行结果对比。结果表明,该无线振动传感系统性能较为优秀,能够满足旋转机械内部的故障诊断要求。
[Abstract]:Equipment fault diagnosis plays an important role in reducing fault frequency and controlling maintenance cost. With the increasing demand for monitoring the status of production equipment, the requirement of precise and continuous monitoring of a component state of production equipment has emerged. The traditional fault detection method places the sensor on the external surface of the equipment or on the fixed element in the equipment, so it is difficult to analyze the fault of the equipment by processing the vibration signal by various analytical methods. In this paper, a synchronous vibration model of rotating machinery fault is established, and a wireless vibration sensing system which can be placed on the internal shaft of rotating machinery is designed, which is closer to the fault source, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the original acquisition signal, and facilitates the fault diagnosis of the equipment. According to the requirement of design and application, the scheme of placing wireless vibration sensing system on shaft is determined in this paper. Aiming at the fault of tooth root crack and tooth surface wear in the gear box, the amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of the signal collected by the sensor under the joint action of rotating measurement and gear fault vibration are analyzed. The vibration state of the fault signal and the new fault frequency are derived when the sensor is placed on the shaft, and an A-B axis measurement method is proposed to analyze the gear fault characteristics. At the same time, in the face of pitting fault of inner ring and outer ring of rolling bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of rotating measurement on shaft are analyzed compared with traditional measuring method. According to the requirements of axial rotation measurement, the hardware structure of modularized wireless vibration sensing system including sensor, ADC, processor and so on is designed. The design of PCB, the manufacture of proofing and prototype are completed. And based on Arduino platform, the bottom driver and task control program of wireless vibration sensing system are programmed. Finally, the performance of the wireless vibration sensing system designed in this paper is tested, and it is installed on the shaft to detect the crack in the root of the gear, the wear of the tooth surface, and the fault of the inner ring of the bearing. The results are compared with the traditional external piezoelectric sensor. The results show that the wireless vibration sensing system has excellent performance and can meet the requirements of internal fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH17;TP212
，
本文编号：2377653
[Abstract]:Equipment fault diagnosis plays an important role in reducing fault frequency and controlling maintenance cost. With the increasing demand for monitoring the status of production equipment, the requirement of precise and continuous monitoring of a component state of production equipment has emerged. The traditional fault detection method places the sensor on the external surface of the equipment or on the fixed element in the equipment, so it is difficult to analyze the fault of the equipment by processing the vibration signal by various analytical methods. In this paper, a synchronous vibration model of rotating machinery fault is established, and a wireless vibration sensing system which can be placed on the internal shaft of rotating machinery is designed, which is closer to the fault source, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the original acquisition signal, and facilitates the fault diagnosis of the equipment. According to the requirement of design and application, the scheme of placing wireless vibration sensing system on shaft is determined in this paper. Aiming at the fault of tooth root crack and tooth surface wear in the gear box, the amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of the signal collected by the sensor under the joint action of rotating measurement and gear fault vibration are analyzed. The vibration state of the fault signal and the new fault frequency are derived when the sensor is placed on the shaft, and an A-B axis measurement method is proposed to analyze the gear fault characteristics. At the same time, in the face of pitting fault of inner ring and outer ring of rolling bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of rotating measurement on shaft are analyzed compared with traditional measuring method. According to the requirements of axial rotation measurement, the hardware structure of modularized wireless vibration sensing system including sensor, ADC, processor and so on is designed. The design of PCB, the manufacture of proofing and prototype are completed. And based on Arduino platform, the bottom driver and task control program of wireless vibration sensing system are programmed. Finally, the performance of the wireless vibration sensing system designed in this paper is tested, and it is installed on the shaft to detect the crack in the root of the gear, the wear of the tooth surface, and the fault of the inner ring of the bearing. The results are compared with the traditional external piezoelectric sensor. The results show that the wireless vibration sensing system has excellent performance and can meet the requirements of internal fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH17;TP212
，
本文编号：2377653
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