基于FPGA的超高速图像采集系统设计

发布时间：2018-12-15 16:19

【摘要】：超高速图像采集与传输系统一般是指图像采集速度大于100帧／秒,单帧图像的分辨率大于1000万像素的高速图像系统,这类系统广泛应用于军事影像处理、显微视觉、高速在线检测等领域。为实现大分辨率、超高速图像能够快速、实时进入图像采集系统,目前一般采用的方式是设计专门的PCIe图像采集板卡但是这类系统存在体积庞大、实时性不强、功耗大等缺陷。因此,本文提出设计基于FPGA处理器的超高速图像采集系统。在接入图像的硬件接口选型上,系统采用Camera Link高速图像采集接口来实现图像的超高速采集与传输；在FPGA及相关芯片、其他接口选型上,系统采用了Xilinx公司的Kintex-7系列的高端FPGA芯片、两片128MB的DDR3芯片、Rapid I/O高速传输通道等,确保系统的数据吞吐能力。本文的主要工作主要体现在以下三个方面：(1)原理图、PCB图设计,通过研究Xilinx公司提供的官方资料和手册,完成原理图的搭建和PCB的设计。(2)EMI设计,通过对PCB板图的仿真测试与分析,然后去优化设计,最终使PCB板卡拥有良好的电磁兼容性能。(3) FPGA图像采集软件系统设计,逻辑实现Camera Link协议以及图像的采集。这样可以节省硬件资源和硬件成本以及减少布板难度和空间。还可以在不改动任何硬件的前提下,用软件灵活地转换Base、Medium 和 Full三种模式：DDR3缓存器。对于高清图像的传输,这个外接大容量储存器是必需的；SRIO高速传输通道,这个高速通道是图像数据从采集端(FPGA)到处理端(DSP)的桥梁。最后,通过实际项目对本文设计的超高速图像采集与传输系统进行了验证,结果表明系统能够以每秒90帧的速度传输图像数据,单帧图像的分辨率为1280x1024,基本达到了每秒100帧的性能需求。
[Abstract]:The ultra-high speed image acquisition and transmission system generally refers to the high speed image system with a speed of more than 100 frames per second and a resolution of more than 10 million pixels in a single frame. This kind of system is widely used in military image processing and microscopic vision. High-speed online detection and other fields. In order to realize the large resolution, the super-high speed image can enter the image acquisition system quickly and in real time. At present, the general way is to design the special PCIe image acquisition board. However, this kind of system has the defects of large volume, low real-time and large power consumption. Therefore, a super-high-speed image acquisition system based on FPGA processor is proposed in this paper. In the hardware interface selection of the access image, the system adopts the Camera Link high-speed image acquisition interface to realize the super high speed image acquisition and transmission. In the selection of FPGA and related chips and other interfaces, the system adopts the high-end FPGA chip of Kintex-7 series of Xilinx Company, the DDR3 chip of two 128MB chips, the Rapid I / O high-speed transmission channel and so on, so as to ensure the data throughput of the system. The main work of this paper is embodied in the following three aspects: (1) schematic diagram, PCB diagram design, through the study of the official information and manual provided by Xilinx company, the construction of schematic diagram and the design of PCB are completed. (2) EMI design, Through the simulation test and analysis of PCB board diagram, and then optimize the design, finally make the PCB card have good EMC performance. (3) FPGA image acquisition software system design, logic implementation of Camera Link protocol and image acquisition. This can save hardware resources and hardware costs, as well as reduce the difficulty and space. Without changing any hardware, we can use software to convert Base,Medium and Full flexibly: DDR3 buffer. For the transmission of high-definition images, this external high-capacity storage is necessary, and the SRIO high-speed transmission channel is a bridge from (FPGA) to (DSP). Finally, the super-high speed image acquisition and transmission system designed in this paper is verified by a practical project. The results show that the system can transmit image data at 90 frames per second, and the resolution of single frame image is 1280 x 1024. Basically achieved 100 frames per second performance requirements.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP274.2

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