基于嵌入式技术的汽车雨刷与灯光智能控制方法研究

发布时间：2019-01-11 11:39

【摘要】：随着汽车电子的不断发展,科学技术水平也日益提高,人们对于小轿车的功能要求越来越高,重型卡车也不例外。为了能最大程度的解放双手,人们非常希望重型卡车也像现代的小轿车一样具备许多功能,这样一来驾驶就变得更加容易,也更加轻松。本文所设计的一体化雨刷与灯光智能控制系统可以让驾驶员在下雨天驾驶的时候,不用分心去考虑何时打开雨刮器,用什么样的档位等问题,也可以了解四种行驶模式自动调节灯光的类型,这对于重型卡车的安全驾驶有重大的意义。论文首先在查阅了汽车雨刷与灯光控制的国内外研究进展的基础上,设计了一种基于红外反射式的雨量感应系统。采用940nm的红外LED光源,借助全反射式原理,通过光电探测器接收的光强信号,分辨出雨量大小。选用MC9S12XS128MAL单片机作为主控芯片,通过对光强信号的采集,并利用增量式PID控制方法对雨刷电机进行精确控制。接着讨论了常用的四种照明模式:默认照明模式、高速公路照明模式、弯道照明模式以及城市照明模式的照明特点,并建立了四种照明模式下灯光控制的数学模型,并用MATLAB进行了仿真分析。通过改变车速和方向盘转角来控制弯道照明模式下的前大灯转角,并设计了基于阿克曼原理的控制电路。然后设计了雨刷与灯光控制系统电路,整个电路包括飞思卡尔单片机最小系统、电压转换电路、电压放大电路、电机驱动电路等,其中灯光部分是通过采集光电探测器检测到的光强信号以后,再采集方向盘转角和车速传感器信息,综合三者的数据来判定汽车前大灯照明模式,实现一个完整的自适应前照灯控制系统。最后搭建了实验平台,经过多次试验,结果表明,雨刷控制系统能够根据雨量感应的强弱调节雨刷控制电机的转速;在外界条件不同的时候,本系统能够正确分辨出四种照明模式,从而提高驾驶的安全性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of automobile electronics, the level of science and technology is improving day by day. People have higher and higher requirements for the function of cars, and heavy trucks are no exception. In order to maximize the emancipation of both hands, heavy trucks are expected to have as many functions as modern cars, making it easier and easier to drive. The integrated wiper and lighting intelligent control system designed in this paper allows drivers to drive in rainy days without being distracted to consider when to turn on the wiper and what kind of gear to use. It is also possible to understand the light types of the four driving modes, which is of great significance for the safe driving of heavy trucks. Firstly, based on the research progress of automobile wiper and light control at home and abroad, a rainfall sensing system based on infrared reflection is designed. The infrared LED light source of 940nm is used to distinguish the rainfall magnitude by means of the light intensity signal received by the photodetector with the aid of the principle of total reflection. The MC9S12XS128MAL single chip microcomputer is selected as the main control chip, the signal of light intensity is collected, and the wiper motor is precisely controlled by the incremental PID control method. Then it discusses the lighting characteristics of four common lighting modes: default lighting mode, highway lighting mode, bend lighting mode and urban lighting mode, and establishes the mathematical model of lighting control under four lighting modes. The simulation analysis is carried out with MATLAB. By changing the speed and steering wheel angle to control the corner of the headlight in the bend lighting mode, the control circuit based on Ackerman principle is designed. Then the circuit of wiper and light control system is designed. The whole circuit includes the minimum system of Freescale single chip microcomputer, the voltage conversion circuit, the voltage amplifier circuit, the motor drive circuit and so on. In the light section, after collecting the light intensity signal detected by the photodetector, the information of the steering wheel angle and the speed sensor is collected, and the data of the three are synthesized to determine the lighting mode of the automobile headlamp. A complete adaptive headlamp control system is implemented. Finally, the experiment platform is set up. After many experiments, the results show that the wiper control system can adjust the speed of the wiper motor according to the intensity of rainfall induction. When the external conditions are different, the system can correctly distinguish four lighting modes to improve the safety of driving.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U463.6;TP273.5

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