基于参数辨识的永磁同步电机控制策略的研究

发布时间：2019-01-22 09:53

【摘要】：随着控制技术的不断发展、市场需求的不断增加以及永磁材料性能的提高,永磁同步电机越来越多地被应用在航空航天、工业生产、风力发电等各个领域。对于永磁同步电机来说,如何有效地控制是实现其价值的必经途径,优化的控制策略,能够使永磁同步电机发挥出更大的作用,创造出更高的价值。关于永磁同步电机的控制策略,目前使用最为广泛的是矢量控制,然而矢量控制系统是基于准确的数学模型设计而成的,电机中参数的偏差将导致控制精度降低以致系统不稳定,因此精确获取电机参数是十分必要的。本文针对永磁同步电机的控制系统及其参数辨识技术进行研究。首先,表述了永磁同步电机的发展过程及其几种常用控制方法的基本原理,包含永磁同步电机的内部构造、坐标变换、数学模型的组建和空间矢量脉宽调制技术。其次,分析了根据模型参考自适应思想进行在线参数辨识的方法,并且对电机的电阻值和永磁磁链值进行实时辨识,将其结果应用在辨识负载转矩的运算中,提高了负载转矩观测器的鲁棒性。接着,针对机械传感器的缺陷和弊端,搭建了电机转速实时辨识环节,取代原有的机械传感器,建立无速度传感器控制系统,在此基础上将反推控制思想利用在转速环控制器中,建立了半反推控制系统,使系统具备更高的控制性能。最后,在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件中设计了相应的控制模型,对于提及的参数辨识方法和改进方案进行了仿真验证,证明了控制策略是可以实现且具有其优越性的。
[Abstract]:With the development of control technology, the increasing market demand and the improvement of permanent magnet material performance, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is more and more used in aerospace, industrial production, wind power generation and other fields. For permanent magnet synchronous motor, how to control it effectively is the necessary way to realize its value. The optimized control strategy can make permanent magnet synchronous motor play a greater role and create higher value. About the control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), vector control is widely used at present. However, the vector control system is designed based on accurate mathematical model. The deviation of the parameters in the motor will lead to the decrease of the control precision and the instability of the system, so it is very necessary to obtain the parameters of the motor accurately. In this paper, the control system and parameter identification technology of PMSM are studied. Firstly, the development process of PMSM and the basic principles of several common control methods are described, including the internal structure of PMSM, coordinate transformation, mathematical model construction and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology. Secondly, the on-line parameter identification method based on model reference adaptive theory is analyzed, and the resistance value and permanent magnet flux value of the motor are identified in real time, and the results are applied to the calculation of load torque identification. The robustness of the load torque observer is improved. Then, aiming at the defects and disadvantages of the mechanical sensor, the real-time identification of the motor speed is built to replace the original mechanical sensor, and the speed sensorless control system is established. On this basis, the idea of backstepping control is applied to the rotational speed loop controller, and a semi-backstepping control system is established, which makes the system have higher control performance. Finally, the corresponding control model is designed in the Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The simulation results show that the control strategy is feasible and superior.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM341;TP273

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