基于参数与信道优化的民用航空目标监视方法研究

发布时间：2019-01-29 02:13

【摘要】：民用航空规模的快速增长,导致监视信号干扰的大量引入、通信链路阻塞和目标多样性的增加,使得民用空域目标监视变得更加困难,民用航空多种目标监视问题亟待解决。本文基于广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)方法,以协同目标和非协同目标监视问题为出发点,对协同目标监视定位与跟踪、非协同目标监视和复杂空域中混合目标监视方法开展了研究。针对监视数据完备性缺失和数据异常问题,提出了一种多参数优化的自适应组合滤波算法。该算法以当前统计模型的Kalman滤波为基础,结合异常值辨识、插值滤波、机动频率和加速度方差调整方法,通过优化新信息的方差、噪声方差的机动频率、速度估计偏差,实现滤波增益、机动频率与加速度方差的动态调整。仿真结果表明,所提算法能自动识别异常值、平滑目标航迹,相比当前统计模型算法,定位精度更高,实现了目标跟踪与航迹预测。针对现有空空监视体制中空中防撞系统(TCAS)和ADS-B不能实现非协同目标监视问题,提出了基于随机BPSK信号调制、TOA定位模型的ADS-B信道雷达监视体制。在自动相关监视体制基础上,设计了一种单发四收的雷达组成模型,优化设计ADS-B信号的发射脉冲长度并引入随机BPSK调制方式,得到一种相异于现有民用航空监视技术的ADS-B信道雷达信号体制。研究了ADS-B信道雷达基于TOA监视定位模型,理论计算了ADS-B信道雷达的作用距离,所设计的信道雷达对民航客机的监视距离可达8.3海里,满足空空监视的需求。在初始状态未知的条件下,开展了基于粒子滤波的ADS-B信道雷达对空空监视目标快速跟踪问题的研究。通过仿真分析,该算法比EKF收敛速度更快、定位精度更高。基于上述两个研究成果,针对复杂环境中协同目标和非协同目标监视问题,通过优化现有协同监视系统信道参数,增加对非协同目标监视功能基础上,设计一种信道共用的混合监视系统,提出了基于信道占据分时控制的混合目标监视方法。根据混合监视系统的三子系统监视原理,将混合目标监视问题转换为各子系统对信道占据分时复用的控制问题,推导出信道占据与发射占空比数学模型,建立最小控制时隙和目标危险系数表,实现混合目标的监视。仿真分析表明,发射占空比1%典型值条件下,基于信道占据分时控制方法能够实现协同和非协同目标的监视。用ADS-B模拟器对本文提出的自适应组合滤波算法进行的外场实验,证明了自适应组合滤波能够提升目标的航迹监视性能。通过设计内场实验,对本文提出的基于信道占据的分时控制算法进行了验证,对发射信道占空比进行分析,实验结果表明本文提出的控制方法对混合目标监视是有效的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of civil aviation scale, a large number of surveillance signal interference is introduced, communication link blockage and target diversity increase, which makes civil airspace target surveillance more difficult, and many civil aviation target surveillance problems need to be solved. Based on broadcast automatic correlation Surveillance (ADS-B), this paper focuses on cooperative target monitoring and non-cooperative target monitoring. The methods of non-cooperative target monitoring and mixed target monitoring in complex airspace are studied. An adaptive combinatorial filtering algorithm with multi-parameter optimization is proposed to solve the problem of lack of completeness and abnormal data in monitoring data. The algorithm is based on the Kalman filter of the current statistical model, combined with the abnormal value identification, interpolation filter, maneuver frequency and acceleration variance adjustment method, by optimizing the variance of the new information, the maneuvering frequency of noise variance, the velocity estimation deviation. The filter gain, maneuver frequency and acceleration variance are adjusted dynamically. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can automatically identify outliers and smooth the track of the target. Compared with the current statistical model algorithm, the proposed algorithm has higher positioning accuracy and realizes the target tracking and track prediction. Aiming at the problem that the air collision prevention system (TCAS) and ADS-B can not realize the non-cooperative target monitoring in the existing air and air surveillance system, a ADS-B channel radar surveillance scheme based on stochastic BPSK signal modulation and TOA location model is proposed. On the basis of the automatic correlation monitoring system, a single radar model with four receivers is designed to optimize the pulse length of the ADS-B signal and to introduce the random BPSK modulation mode. This paper presents a ADS-B channel radar signal system which is different from the existing civil aviation surveillance technology. The ADS-B channel radar is studied based on the TOA monitoring and positioning model, and the operating range of the ADS-B channel radar is calculated theoretically. The designed channel radar can monitor the passenger aircraft up to 8.3 nautical miles, which can meet the requirements of air and air surveillance. Under the condition that the initial state is unknown, the problem of fast tracking of air-to-air surveillance targets by ADS-B channel radar based on particle filter is studied. The simulation results show that the algorithm converges faster than EKF and has higher positioning accuracy. Based on the above two research results, aiming at the problem of cooperative and non-cooperative target monitoring in complex environment, by optimizing the channel parameters of the existing cooperative surveillance system, we add the function of non-cooperative target monitoring. A hybrid surveillance system for channel sharing is designed, and a hybrid target monitoring method based on channel occupation time division control is proposed. According to the three subsystem monitoring principle of hybrid surveillance system, the problem of hybrid target monitoring is transformed into the control problem of time-sharing multiplexing of channel occupied by each subsystem, and the mathematical model of channel occupation and transmit duty cycle is derived. A table of minimum control slot and target hazard coefficient is established to monitor mixed targets. The simulation results show that the channel occupied time-sharing control method can realize the monitoring of cooperative and non-cooperative targets under the typical value of 1% duty cycle. The outfield experiment of the adaptive combined filtering algorithm proposed in this paper is carried out by using ADS-B simulator. It is proved that the adaptive combined filter can improve the track monitoring performance of the target. The proposed time-sharing control algorithm based on channel occupation is verified by designing an inner-field experiment, and the duty cycle of the transmission channel is analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed control method is effective for hybrid target monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V355.1;TP277

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