我国经济发展方式转变中的资源约束研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 11:16

本文关键词：我国经济发展方式转变中的资源约束研究　出处：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放三十多年来,我国经济建设成效卓著,以不变价格计算,1978年到2013年我国国内生产总值翻了近24倍,2013年达568845亿元,赶超日本成为世界第二大经济体；社会建设成果丰硕,人民生活同益富裕。然而如此高速的增长却是以资源巨大消耗和环境严重污染为代价,“高投入、高消耗、高污染、低效率”的粗放型经济发展方式仍普遍存在于众多行业和生产环节,导致了日益严峻的资源约束问题。这不仅制约我国经济的可持续发展,并且成为当前经济发展方式转变的桎梏。因此,缓解我国经济发展方式转变中的资源环境矛盾,加快转变现行的经济发展方式,实现经济安全、稳健、可持续发展,刻不容缓。对此,党的十八大报告明确指出,“资源环境约束加剧”、“转变经济发展方式任务艰巨”,是我国前进道路上面临的主要困难和问题；要“加快转变经济发展方式”,把“生态文明建设”放在突出的重要位置,并将其加入“四位一体”建设中,形成“五位一体”总体布局。十八届三中全会在规划我国的改革蓝图中提出,要紧紧围绕建设“美丽中国”,深化改革并加快建设生态文明体制,“健全资源节约利用、生态环境保护的体制机制”。在这样的背景下,本文选择我国经济发展方式转变中的资源约束问题进行探讨,运用规范分析、统计分析、理论模型分析相结合的方法,以经济发展理论、资源与环境经济学理论、微观经济学理论、产权理论为理论基础,研究我国在经济发展方式转变中遭遇的资源约束问题及其破解途径。本文对资源约束问题的研究从三个方面展开。一是现状分析,我国面临的资源约束问题主要表现为国内主导资源短缺、资源利用方式粗放、资源需求居高不下、供需严重失衡。二是成因分析,本文认为我国经济发展中资源约束的形成原因在于资源产权制度不完善、产业结构失衡、政府管理和企业责任感缺失。三是影响分析,资源约束威胁着我国经济安全,加剧了经济失衡。此后以索洛模型为基础,将可再生资源和不可再生资源纳入模型中,构建资源约束模型,采用数值模拟方法,得出模型结论：技术进步和可再生资源的再生有助于缓解资源约束；不可再生资源和可再生资源的消耗、人口增长会加剧资源约束；产业结构是影响资源约束和经济发展的重要因素。由此,本文提出破解资源约束的途径,分别为明晰资源产权制度、发展循环经济、调整产业结构、规范政府和企业行为。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, the effectiveness of China's economic construction is outstanding, in constant prices, 1978 to 2013, China's GDP nearly doubled to 24 times in 2013 reached 568845 yuan, surpassing Japan to become the world's second largest economy; social construction fruitful, rich people's life gradually. However, such high growth is the serious pollution of resource consuming and environmental costs, "the mode of extensive economic development of high input, high consumption, high pollution and low efficiency" still exists in many industries and production processes, led to the increasingly serious problem of resource constraints. This not only restricts the sustainable development of our country's economy, but also becomes the shackle of the transformation of the current economic development mode. Therefore, it is urgent to alleviate the contradiction between resources and environment in the transformation of China's economic development mode, accelerate the transformation of the current mode of economic development, and achieve economic security, stability and sustainable development. In this regard, the eighteen Party Congress report clearly pointed out that "resource and environmental constraints intensified", "change the mode of economic development an arduous task", is the main difficulties and problems in our country on the road facing; to accelerate the transformation of economic development, the construction of "ecological civilization" placed in a prominent location, and the join the "four in one" construction, the formation of "five in one overall layout. In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, in planning our blueprint for reform, we put forward that we should focus on building "beautiful China", deepen reform and speed up the construction of ecological civilization system, and improve the institutional mechanism of resource conservation and ecological environment protection. In this context, the resource constraint problem in China's economic development mode shift in the study, the use of normative analysis, statistical analysis and theoretical model analysis method that combines with the theory of economic development, resource and environmental economics theory, microeconomics theory, property rights theory, research approach encountered in transition the mode of economic development in our country and solve the resource constraint problem. In this paper, the research on resource constraints is carried out from three aspects. The first is the analysis of the status quo. The main problems of resource constraints in China are mainly the shortage of resources, the extensive use of resources, the high demand for resources and the serious imbalance between supply and demand. The two is the cause analysis. This paper argues that the reason of resource constraint in China's economic development is imperfect resource property right system, unbalanced industrial structure, lack of responsibility of government management and enterprises. The three is the influence analysis, the resource constraints threaten our country's economic security and aggravate the economic imbalances. The Solow model based on renewable resources and non renewable resources into the model and construct the model of resource constraint, using the method of numerical simulation, draw the conclusion: the model helps to ease the resource constraints of technological progress and regeneration of renewable resources; non renewable resources and renewable resources consumption, population growth will exacerbate the resource constraints; industrial structure is an important factor affecting the resource constraints and economic development. Therefore, this paper puts forward the way to break the resource constraint, namely, clarifying the property right system of resources, developing circular economy, adjusting the industrial structure, and standardizing the behavior of government and enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.5

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