基于水足迹理论的中国省级水资源利用效率评价

发布时间：2017-12-30 19:05

本文关键词：基于水足迹理论的中国省级水资源利用效率评价　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源是世界上最重要的一种资源,我们人类及一切生物都不能离开水资源而生存,并且水资源也是人类从事工农业生产,发展经济和改善环境的重要物质。中国水资源总量大,居世界第六位,但人口众多,人均水资源占有量只位居世界第121位,是联合国认定的十三个水资源匮乏国家之一。中国由于地理因素,气候因素以及经济发展的区域差异等原因,各区域水资源利用效率有着较大差距,水资源利用的矛盾日益出现,阻碍了区域水资源的可持续发展。为了实现中国水资源的可持续发展,必须科学合理的评价各个区域的水资源利用效率,基于复合生态系统理论的观点,水资源利用系统是一个复杂的系统,他包含水资源系统,水环境系统、社会经济系统等多个子系统,评价一个地区的水资源利用效率应该综合考虑这些子系统的相互作用。本研究结合水足迹理论对2011年我国31个省级行政区(台湾省,香港、澳门特别行政区除外)的水足迹进行核算,然后根据水足迹核算的结果,选取合适的指标与数据包络分析模型,对31个省区的水资源利用效率进行评价,主要的研究结果如下：(1)农业和工业是我国水资源耗用最大的两个部门,二者对水资源的消费占到水资源消费的80%以上；虚拟水贸易是水足迹耗用第三的部分,有些地区的虚拟水贸易呈现净进口,有些地区呈现净出口,这主要是由当地的贸易结构决定的。(2)从不同省份水资源的利用情况来看,一般来说东部省份的水足迹高于西部地区,这主要是由当地的经济发展情况决定的,总水足迹与人均水足迹呈现了一定的正相关的关系。人均水足迹主要受一下几个因素影响：第一,不同地区的生活水平,人们民族构成,人们生活的习惯；第二,粮食消费的比重;第三,中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家,包含着多种气候类型,从东南沿海的热带以及亚热带季风气候到内陆地区的温带大陆性气候甚至是青藏高原的高原气候,农产品虚拟水含量在很大程度上是由当地的气候条件决定的；第四,城乡的差异,城市和农村的生活水平是有很大差距的,而中国目前正处在城市化的进程中,不同的地区的城市化进程是不同的,所以会造成不同省区的人均水足迹差异。(3)本文选取了农业用水量,工业用水量,生活用水量,固定资产投资总额,化学需氧量排放总量,从业人员数作为投入指标,选取粮食产量与国内生产总值作为产出指标,采用基于投入的C2R和BC2模型对全国31个省的水资源利用效率进行评价,根据评价结果,将全国分成了五类地区,第一类地区水资源利用效率最优,各项投入均恰到好处没有冗余；第二类地区的DEA相对效率值在0.9000到0.9999之间,属于良好协调。第三、四类地区分别属于水资源利用与经济发展中级、初级协调。我国的大部分地区属于两类情况,但这类中的地区可以分为两种不同的情况,一类是规模递增型,一类是规模递减型,两者在今后水资源利用中需要考虑的点是不同的。第五类地区属于水资源利用还比较落后的地区,今后还需要在水资源的利用上加大投入,科学合理的利用水资源。从整体来看,东部地区的水资源利用效率要好于中西部地区,这基本上是由于其经济发展程度决定的。
[Abstract]:Water resources is one of the most important resources in the world, we humans and everything can not leave the water resources and water resources of human survival, is engaged in the production of industry and agriculture, the important material of economic development and improvement of the environment. The total amount of water resources China, ranking sixth in the world, but a large population, the per capita water resources only ranked 121st in the world, is one of the thirteen water resource poor countries recognized by the United Nations. China due to geographical factors, climate factors and regional differences in economic development, the regional water resources utilization efficiency has a large gap, the contradiction of water resources increasingly, hinder the sustainable development of regional water resources. In order to to realize the sustainable development of water resources Chinese, must be evaluated in various regions of the scientific and rational water resources utilization efficiency, ecological system based on the theories of water resource utilization system A complex system, it includes water resources system, water environmental system, social and economic systems, water resources utilization efficiency evaluation of a region should consider the interaction of these subsystems. This study combines the water footprint theory on 2011 China's 31 provincial level administrative regions (Taiwan Province, Hongkong the Macao Special Administrative Region, except) accounting for water footprint, then according to the water footprint calculation results, selection index and data envelopment analysis model suitable for the 31 provinces, the utilization efficiency of water resources evaluation, the main research results are as follows: (1) agricultural and industrial water resources utilization in China is two the largest sector, two of water consumption accounted for more than 80% of the consumption of water resources; virtual water trade is the water footprint consumption of third parts, some parts of the virtual water trade showed a net import, some areas showed a net export, this Is mainly determined by the local trade structure. (2) from different provinces using water resources situation, in general the eastern provinces of the water footprint is higher than the western region, which is mainly decided by the local economic development situation, the total water footprint and water footprint per capita has a positive relation between the per capita water. A few factors affecting footprint mainly by: first, different regions of the living standard, people ethnic composition, people living habits; second, the proportion of food consumption; third, China is a vast country, including various types of climate in the temperate continental climate in southeast coastal areas of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate to the inland the area is even Tibet Plateau climate, virtual water content of agricultural products is determined by the local climate condition to a great extent; fourth, the difference between urban and rural, urban and rural students Living level is a big gap, and Chinese is currently in the city in the process of urbanization, the city in different parts of the process is different, so the difference of water footprint per capita will result in different provinces. (3) this paper selects the agricultural water, industrial water consumption, water consumption, the total investment in fixed assets. The total emission of chemical oxygen demand, the number of employees as input indicators, select the grain output and GDP as output indicators, the evaluation of the efficiency of utilization of water resources in 31 provinces of C2R and BC2 model based on inputs, according to the evaluation results, the country is divided into five regions, the first region water efficiency optimization the input of resources, not just perfect redundancy; second regions of the DEA relative efficiency value between 0.9000 to 0.9999, belongs to the good coordination. Third, fourth areas belong to the water resources utilization and economic development Show intermediate, primary coordination. In most areas of China belong to the two class, but this class in the area can be divided into two different situations, one is the increasing scale type, one is scale descending type, they are different in the use of water resources need to be considered. A relatively backward area water resources belong to fifth areas, also need to increase investment in the utilization of water resources in the future, scientific and rational use of water resources. On the whole, the eastern region of the water resource use efficiency is better than the central and western regions, which is basically due to the economic development of the decision.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.9

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