我国稀土资源保护法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 12:00

本文关键词：我国稀土资源保护法律问题研究　出处：《河北地质大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：众所周知,稀土资源被誉为“工业维生素”,在工业应用中有着举足轻重的战略地位。因属于不可再生资源,替代品应用效果不佳,稀土资源显得更加珍贵。中国的稀土资源不但储量丰富,而且品种齐全,素有“稀土王国”之美誉。但我国的稀土资源并没有得到与其战略价值所对等的重视。在开发利用中,一些小企业因为技术力量薄弱、政府规划监管不到位造成的滥采滥挖现象严重,资源利用效率低下,环境破坏严重;在对外贸易中,我国稀土资源出口秩序混乱走私严重、出口产品结构失衡、资源大量低价外流。面对我国稀土资源开发利用中存在的问题,我们必须依据法律手段进行调节。目前在《宪法》的根本原则指导下,以《矿产资源法》为基本依据,我国在稀土资源保护方面逐渐形成了几部与稀土保护有关的或保护稀土的专门性的法规、部门规章及地方性法规,但是仍然存在着稀土资源高效力等级法空缺、行政法规、部门规章凌乱、地方性立法不完善、本国法与自由贸易机制不协调等问题亟待解决。外部性理论、矿产资源耗竭理论、资源诅咒理论等基本理论的存在,为完善我国对稀土资源的保护提供了理论基础。作为重要的战略资源,世界大国均已采取各种措施储备稀土资源、防止外流,尤其是美国、日本、德国在稀土资源保护方面的制度较具特色,值得我们学习借鉴。我们应当通过对我国现存的稀土资源保护存在的相关问题进行宏观和微观的思考,借鉴国外成功的管理模式、法律制度,从完善稀土资源立法体系、强化稀土市场法律管制、健全稀土资源开发中的相关环境保护法律制度三方面着力,在结合我国稀土资源保护实践的基础上,探索出一条适应时代发展需要的保护稀土资源的发展道路。
[Abstract]:As everyone knows, rare earth resources, known as the "industrial vitamin", has a very important strategic position in industrial applications. Because the alternatives are non renewable resources, poor application effect of rare earth resources, it is more valuable. Chinese rare earth resources not only abundant reserves, and a complete, well known as "rare earth kingdom". But the rare earth the resources of our country and did not get its strategic value of peer attention. In the exploitation, some small businesses because of weak technical force, the government planning supervision is not in place due to excessive digging phenomenon is serious, the inefficient use of resources, serious environmental damage; in foreign trade, China's exports of rare earths smuggling disorder serious imbalance, export product structure, a large number of low-cost resources outflow. Facing the development and utilization of rare earth resources in our country, we must rely on legal means to regulate orders. The fundamental principle of guidance before the constitution under the < >, < > in the law of mineral resources as the basis, China has formed several associated with rare earth protection or the protection of the special regulations of the rare earth gradually in the protection of rare earth resources, departmental rules and local regulations, but there are still rare earth resources and high effect level law vacancy, administrative regulations, departmental rules messy, local legislation is not perfect, the problem of national law and free trade coordination mechanism is not to be solved. The externality theory, the theory of mineral resources exhaustion, existing resource curse theory, provides a theoretical basis for perfecting the protection of rare earth resources as a strategic resource. The world powers have taken various measures to prevent the outflow of reserves of rare earth resources, especially the United States, Japan and Germany in the aspects of the system of protection of rare earth resources is characteristic, we should learn from us. It should be through thinking of macro and micro related issues on the protection of rare earth resources existing in our country, the foreign successful management mode, improve the legal system, from the legislative system of rare earth resources, strengthen the legal regulation of the rare earth market, perfect the relevant legal system and environmental protection development of rare earth resources in three aspects, on the basis of me China's rare earth resources protection practice, to explore a path of development of rare earth resources protection and development needs of the times.

【学位授予单位】：河北地质大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.62

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