季节性河流干支流交汇区洪水资源利用研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 08:49

本文关键词： 季节性河流干支流交汇区洪水资源利用白城市　出处：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：季节性河流径流量分布差异较大,年内集中于汛期的几个月内,年际丰枯变化剧烈,在传统防洪思想下,洪水被视作猛兽避之不及。随着经济社会的发展,近些年来我国对水资源的需求量越来越大,地下水的利用已接近极限,洪水资源的利用逐渐被重视。洪水在可能造成灾害的同时,也是重要的动力、生态、肥力和淡水资源,洪水资源的利用不仅为农业灌溉、工业生产、人民生活带来效益,也对恢复和保持良好的生态环境起到重要作用。洪水资源的利用具有巨大的社会经济和生态环境效益。河流的中下游地区,地势较为平坦,缺少大型水利枢纽设施,由于历史河流自然运行,干支流交汇区常分布有湿地、泡沼、灌区等天然蓄水空间。近年来,中小河流上游水利工程的拦蓄导致下游干枯断流现象频繁发生,水资源供需矛盾十分突出,利用干流较大的水量为交汇地区湿地、泡沼和灌区提供水源,成本低,效益显著。通过干支流的水量调节互济,可实现低成本和安全高效利用洪水资源,协调好干支流之间的水文补偿机制将洪水安全蓄滞,将极大地缓解区域用水的紧张情况。本文以吉林省白城市为例,针对季节性河流干支流的水文联系和交汇区的蓄水特点,开展了以下研究： (1)综述“洪水资源利用”的背景和意义,介绍“洪水资源利用”研究和实施概况,提出本文研究内容和技术路线。以吉林省白城市为例,对其自然地理、社会经济、水文气象、通河湖库和水资源概况进行介绍。 (2)基于蓄水单元可引蓄河流的地理位置,将干支流交汇区的洪水资源利用分为三段：引支流洪水段、干支流结合引水段和引干流洪水段,得出各段的引水结构图,明确各段蓄水空间容量；对干支流历史径流资料分析,得出干支流遭遇规律,进而得出干支流水文补偿特性。 (3)对干支流交汇区域的洪水资源利用进行评价,明确区域洪水资源利用情况,包括洪水资源量、洪水资源利用水平、洪水资源可利用量和洪水资源利用潜力,分别对其进行分析与计算,为区域洪水资源利用规划方案提供参考。 (4)介绍干支流洪水资源利用原则、实施步骤和规划方法,对各蓄水单元的水量平衡进行分析,以支流不同水平年份着手,分别分析不同干支流遭遇情况下的洪水资源利用规划方案,为洪水资源预案制定和实时操作提供参考。最后,总结全文,对洪水资源的利用进行展望。
[Abstract]:The seasonal river runoff distribution is quite different, the year concentrated in the flood season several months, the annual abundance and withered change is sharp, under the traditional flood control thought, the flood is regarded as the fierce beast to avoid. With the development of the economy and society, In recent years, the demand for water resources in China is increasing, the utilization of groundwater is approaching the limit, and the utilization of flood water resources has been gradually attached importance to. Flood is also an important driving force, ecological, fertility and fresh water resources, while it may cause disasters. The utilization of flood water resources not only brings benefits to agricultural irrigation, industrial production and people's life, but also plays an important role in restoring and maintaining a good ecological environment. In the middle and lower reaches of rivers, the topography is relatively flat and the facilities of large water conservancy projects are lacking. Due to the natural operation of historical rivers, the main and tributaries are often distributed in wetland, bubble marshes, irrigation areas and other natural water storage spaces. In recent years, The blocking of water conservancy projects in the upper reaches of medium and small rivers frequently leads to the phenomenon of dry and dry water flow in the lower reaches, and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is very prominent. The benefit is remarkable. By adjusting the water amount of the trunk and tributaries, the flood resources can be utilized safely and efficiently, and the hydrological compensation mechanism between the trunk and tributaries can be coordinated to ensure the safe storage of the flood. This paper takes Baicheng, Jilin Province as an example, according to the hydrological connection of seasonal river tributaries and the characteristics of water storage in the intersection area, the following studies have been carried out:. This paper summarizes the background and significance of flood resources utilization, introduces the research and implementation of flood resources utilization, and puts forward the research contents and technical routes of this paper. Taking Baicheng city of Jilin province as an example, the natural geography, social economy, hydrology and meteorology are discussed. The general situation of Tonghe Lake and water resources is introduced. (2) based on the geographical location of the water storage unit, the flood resources in the intersection area of the trunk and tributaries are divided into three sections: the flood section of the diversion tributary, the diversion section of the trunk and the flood section of the diversion stream, and the drawing structure of each section is obtained. By analyzing the historical runoff data of the main tributaries, the encountered law of the main tributaries is obtained, and the hydrological compensation characteristics of the main tributaries are obtained. (3) to evaluate the utilization of flood resources in the confluence of trunk and tributaries, and to clarify the situation of the utilization of flood resources, including the quantity of flood resources, the level of utilization of flood water resources, the availability of flood resources and the utilization potential of flood resources. It is analyzed and calculated separately to provide reference for regional flood resource utilization planning. 4) introducing the utilization principle, implementing steps and planning methods of flood resources of trunk and tributaries, analyzing the water balance of each water storage unit, and starting with the year of different level of tributaries. The planning scheme of flood resource utilization under different trunk and tributaries is analyzed separately to provide reference for flood resource planning and real-time operation. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text and forecasts the utilization of flood resources.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.9

【参考文献】