环境约束下中国省际水资源两阶段效率及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 00:35

本文关键词： 两阶段SBM模型非期望产出水资源利用效率空间计量模型　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文把水资源利用系统分为水资源利用阶段和污染物处理阶段,在环境规制下采用考虑非期望产出的两阶段SBM模型,对2001—2014年中国31个省级行政区的水资源利用整体效率和各阶段效率进行测度,并利用空间自相关分析方法对中国各地区水资源利用整体效率的时空特征进行分析,然后运用考虑空间效应因素的空间滞后计量模型和空间误差计量模型从人均水资源量、工业用水量、生活用水量、人均GDP、对外开放程度、产业结构、技术进步等方面对各地区水资源利用整体效率的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)整体上看水资源利用第一阶段效率明显高于第二阶段效率,而整体效率接近于第二阶段效率,第二阶段效率决定了水资源利用整体有效性。(2)通过各阶段投入产出冗余来看,水资源污染物产出过多和处理不足是导致第二阶段效率不高的原因。(3)水资源利用整体效率的空间自相关强度显著大于0,在空间上呈现集聚分布特征,东部沿海地区为H-H集聚类型,中部和西部为L-L集聚类型。(4)各地区水资源利用整体效率存在空间溢出效应,一个地区的整体效率不仅受本地区因素影响,还受临近地区整体效率的影响。(5)在考虑和不考虑空间效应的计量估计结果中,工业用水量对整体效率产生显著的负向影响,而人均GDP、对外开放程度对整体效率产生显著的正向影响。根据实证结果,得出以下结论:一是加强水资源污染物排放管理,增强污水处理能力;二是实现高效工业用水,减少工业用水量;三是发挥各地区水资源禀赋优势,加强区域合作,优化水资源区域配置,促进经济-环境协调可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the water resources utilization system is divided into the water resources utilization stage and the pollutant treatment stage. Under the environment regulation, the two-stage SBM model considering the non-expected output is adopted. This paper measures the overall efficiency of water resources utilization in 31 provincial administrative regions of China from 2001 to 2014, and analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of the overall efficiency of water resources utilization in all regions of China by means of spatial autocorrelation analysis. Then using the spatial lag metrological model and the spatial error measurement model considering the spatial effect factors, from the per capita amount of water resources, industrial water consumption, domestic water consumption, per capita GDP, the degree of opening up, industrial structure, The results show that the efficiency of the first stage of water resources utilization is obviously higher than that of the second stage, and the overall efficiency is close to that of the second stage. The efficiency of the second stage determines the overall effectiveness of the utilization of water resources. The reason of the low efficiency in the second stage is that the output of water resources pollutants is excessive and the treatment is insufficient. (3) the spatial autocorrelation intensity of the overall efficiency of water resources utilization is significantly greater than 0, showing the characteristics of agglomeration and distribution in space. There are spatial spillover effects on the overall efficiency of water resources utilization in the eastern coastal region and L-L cluster type in the central and western regions. The overall efficiency of a region is not only affected by the local factors, but also by the regional factors. It is also affected by the overall efficiency of the adjacent area. (5) Industrial water consumption has a significant negative impact on the overall efficiency in the measurement estimates that take into account and do not take into account the spatial effects. According to the empirical results, the following conclusions are drawn: first, to strengthen the management of water resources pollutants discharge and enhance the capacity of sewage treatment; second, to achieve efficient industrial water use. Third, give full play to the advantages of water resources endowment in various regions, strengthen regional cooperation, optimize the regional allocation of water resources, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of economy and environment.
【作者单位】：大连理工大学管理与经济学部;辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国水资源绿色效率测度及提升机制研究”(批准号:16AJY009)
【分类号】：TV213.4

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