北极石油资源可持续开发研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 15:00

本文选题：北极　切入点：石油资源　出处：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：北极地区是以地球的北极点为中心的一片地区，该地区包含北冰洋及其相关的岛屿、北美大陆北部和部分欧亚大陆北部的边缘地带。北极地区除了北冰洋公海以外，其他陆地、岛屿和水域的主权权利归属基本明确，分别属于北冰洋沿岸或北极圈经过其陆地领土的国家。北极地区石油资源较为丰富，但资源布局相对来说较不均衡，集中分布在少数地区及含油气沉积盆地中。北极地区是世界石油资源生产潜力最大的地区。全球约有四分之一待发现的石油和天然气资源蕴藏在北极地区的北冰洋洋深处。北极地区的生态系统的稳定性较为脆弱，是地球上极为脆弱和最敏感的生态系统。因其特有的环境因素，北极生态系统非常容易受到人类活动的干扰和破坏。在北极地区石油开发过程中，要充分注意对生态环境的保护。可持续发展，是一种长远的开发方式，是一种既满足当代人的需求，又不损害后代人满足其需求的发展模式，符合科学发展观的要求。合理开发北极石油资源，，需要结合北极地区的诸多因素，包括了气候条件、生态环境、政治环境，还有北极地区的区域特征。本文选取北极地区为主要研究对象，整体上介绍、分析北极地区石油开发过程中遇到的问题，以及北极石油资源开发的历史与现状。在全球变暖的影响之下，北极海冰消融加速，北极航道即将开通等便利条件，对北极石油资源的可持续开发进行分析。在自然地理条件下，结合北极地区石油开发的现状，探讨可持续发展模式下对北极的石油资源进行开采与利用，即满足了人类对石油资源的迫切需求，又不会对北极地区的生态环境和其他资源造成损害，把石油开发带来的负面效应控制在一定范围内，把石油的开采与运输过程中可能对环境带来的危害降到一个安全可控的范围。由于北极自身的环境与气候因素特点鲜明，环境承载力较低、生态系统较为脆弱，由于环北极国家都是发达国家，对生态环境的保护也是极为注重视。在这种大环境下，开发利用北极石油资源更要充分结合可持续发展的模式，实现资源开发与环境保护相结合。石油资源是当今世界的热点问题，石油资源的开发更是如此。北极地区的石油资源对世界的经济发展而言其重要性不言而喻。与此同时，北极地区对世界环境和气候调节做出的贡献也是十分重要的。从长远目光考虑，既要开发石油资源，又要环境生态不被破坏，石油资源的可持续开发也就成为了开发北极石油资源的一种切实的需求。通过可持续发展的理论要求，进一步对石油资源的开发进行规范与管理，达到资源与环境的优化与协调，实现人类发展进步与自然环境生态的和谐。
[Abstract]:The Arctic region is a region centered around the Earth's arctic point. It includes the Arctic Ocean and its associated islands, the northern edge of the North American continent and part of the northern part of Eurasia. The Arctic region has land other than the high seas of the Arctic Ocean. The sovereignty over islands and waters is basically clear, belonging to countries that pass through their land territories, respectively, along the shores of the Arctic Ocean or the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region is rich in oil resources, but the distribution of resources is relatively uneven. The Arctic region is the world's most productive region for oil and gas resources. There are about 1/4 oil and gas resources to be discovered in the north ice of the Arctic region. Deep in the ocean. The stability of the Arctic ecosystem is fragile, Arctic ecosystem is the most vulnerable and sensitive ecosystem on the earth. Because of its unique environmental factors, the Arctic ecosystem is very vulnerable to the disturbance and destruction of human activities. In the process of petroleum development in the Arctic region, we should pay full attention to the protection of the ecological environment. Sustainable development is a long-term development mode that not only meets the needs of the present generation, but also does not damage the needs of future generations. In order to develop Arctic petroleum resources reasonably, it is necessary to combine many factors, including climatic conditions, ecological environment, political environment, and regional characteristics of Arctic region. In this paper, the Arctic region is selected as the main research object, the problems encountered in the petroleum development process in the Arctic region are introduced, and the history and present situation of the Arctic petroleum resources development are analyzed. Under the influence of global warming, The melting of Arctic sea ice is accelerating, the Arctic channel is about to be opened, and other convenient conditions, such as the analysis of the sustainable development of Arctic petroleum resources. Under the natural geographical conditions, combined with the current situation of petroleum development in the Arctic region, Exploring the exploitation and utilization of petroleum resources in the Arctic under the model of sustainable development, which meets the urgent needs of human beings for petroleum resources without causing damage to the ecological environment and other resources in the Arctic region, The negative effects of oil exploitation are controlled within a certain range, and the possible harm to the environment in the course of oil extraction and transportation is reduced to a safe and controllable range. Since the Arctic itself is characterized by its own environmental and climatic factors, The environmental carrying capacity is low and the ecosystem is relatively fragile. Because the circumpolar countries are all developed countries, they also pay great attention to the protection of the ecological environment. The exploitation and utilization of Arctic petroleum resources should combine the sustainable development model and realize the combination of resource development and environmental protection. Oil resources are a hot issue in the world today, especially the exploitation of petroleum resources. The importance of petroleum resources in the Arctic region is self-evident for the economic development of the world. At the same time, The Arctic region's contribution to the world's environment and climate regulation is also very important. In the long run, it is necessary to develop oil resources without damaging the environment. The sustainable development of petroleum resources has become a practical demand for the development of Arctic petroleum resources. Through the theoretical requirements of sustainable development, the development and management of petroleum resources are further regulated and managed. To achieve the optimization and coordination of resources and environment, to achieve the harmony between human development and natural environment.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P744.4;X24

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