湖南沅水五强溪水库鱼类资源现状及其历史变化

发布时间：2018-03-19 23:04

本文选题：沅水　切入点：五强溪水库　出处：《湖泊科学》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：水电工程对鱼类生境和资源多样性具有重大的影响.于2012年4月-2014年3月,对湖南省沅水五强溪水库鱼类资源进行调查,以了解五强溪水库建成20年后鱼类资源的现状及多样性变化.结果表明,在五强溪水库共采集鉴定鱼类86种(包括引进种5种),隶属7目18科58属.种类组成以鲤形目种类数最多,占总种类数的66.28%.在五强溪水库库尾、库区和坝下江段,鱼类物种数分别为54、67和52,其中,库区与坝下江段之间鱼类群落为中等相似,库区与库尾、库尾与坝下江段之间鱼类群落为中等不相似.在生态类型上,水库鱼类呈现多样化特征,以湖泊定居性、杂食性和底栖性鱼类居多,分别占总种类数的68.60%、55.81%和41.86%.各江段渔获物组成存在一定差异,但黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、鲤(Cyprinuscarpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、蒙古湆(Culter mongolicus)等在各江段均占有较高比例.渔获物产量和规格以库区较高,库尾、坝下江段偏低,鱼类小型化现象明显.与五强溪水库建成前相比,本次调查水库库区江段鱼类种类减少46种,降幅为40.71%,一些常见经济鱼类如滀(Ochetobius elongatus)、白甲鱼(Onychostoma sima)、瓣结鱼(Brevifilis brevifilis)、长吻洜(Leiocassis longirostris)等没有发现.
[Abstract]:Hydropower project has great influence on fish habitat and resource diversity. From April 2012 to March 2014, the fish resources of Wuqiangxi Reservoir in Yuanshui, Hunan Province were investigated. In order to understand the present situation and diversity of fish resources in Wuqiangxi Reservoir 20 years after its completion, the results show that, A total of 86 species of fish (including 5 introduced species, belonging to 7 orders, 18 families, 58 genera) were collected and identified in Wuqiangxi Reservoir. The species numbers of fish were 540.67 and 52.Of them, the fish communities in the reservoir area were moderately similar to those in the lower part of the river, while the fish communities in the reservoir area and the tail of the reservoir and between the tail of the reservoir and the section of the river below the dam were moderately dissimilar. The fish species in the reservoir show a variety of characteristics, such as lake settlement, omnivorous fish and benthic fish, which account for 68.60% and 41.86.1% of the total species, respectively. However, Pelteobagrus fulvidracoides, Cyprinus carpioidae, Carassius auratusus and Culter mongolicusus) occupy a high proportion in each section of the river. The catch yield and specifications are higher in the reservoir area, the tail and bottom reaches of the reservoir are lower, and the fish miniaturization is obvious. There were 46 species of fish decreased by 40.71 in the reservoir area. Some common economic fishes, such as Ochetobius elongatusa, Onychostoma simaa, Bfilreviis brevifilisch, Leiocatis longirostris, were not found.
【作者单位】：湖南文理学院生命科学学院湖南省水产高效健康生产协同创新中心动物学湖南省高校重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31572619) 湖南省高校创新平台基金项目(13K103)联合资助
【分类号】：S931.1

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