黑水河下游鱼类资源现状及其保护措施

发布时间：2018-03-24 04:23

本文选题：黑水河　切入点：鱼类资源　出处：《长江流域资源与环境》2017年06期

【摘要】：为了解白鹤滩蓄水运行前黑水河下游鱼类资源的现状、受到的主要威胁及其保护措施,于2014年1~12月在黑水河下游干支流江段采用电捕法进行了渔获物调查。结果显示:12个月共调查发现鱼类28种,隶属于3目8科23属,其中喜流水生境、产粘沉性卵、以着生藻类或/和底栖动物为食物的鱼类种类较多;调查区域鱼类个体规格普遍较小,其中齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti、短体副鳅Paracobitis potanini、红尾副鳅Paracobitis varigatus、短须裂腹鱼Schizothorax wangchiachii、前鳍高原鳅Triplophysa anterodorsalis、中华纹胸洝Glyptothorax sinense和凹尾拟溈Pseudobagrus emarginatus为调查区域的主要经济鱼类;上半年和下半年的渔获物结构在统计学上差异显著(R=0.81,p=0.1%0.05),鱼类在金沙江干流和黑水河下游之间的相互迁徙比较明显;CPUE呈现先波动下降然后逐月上升的趋势,其中10月份的CPUE最低;丰度生物量比较曲线显示2014年各月的渔获物结构均处于严重干扰状态。黑水河下游河道采砂以及过度捕捞是白鹤滩蓄水前影响黑水河下游鱼类资源的主要因素,建议通过控制采砂的江段、采砂的时间以及全面禁捕保护该区域的鱼类资源。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the present situation of fish resources in the lower reaches of the Heishui River before the storage and operation of Baihetan, the main threats to the fish resources and their protection measures are also discussed. A fishing catch survey was carried out in the lower reaches of the Heishui River from January to December 2014. The results showed that 28 species of fish, belonging to 3 orders, 8 families, 23 genera, were found in 12 months. There are more species of fish that feed on algae or / and benthic animals; individual fish specifications are generally smaller in the survey regions, Among them, Schizothorax prenantia, Paracobitis potanini, Paracobitis varigatus, Schizothorax wangchiachii, Triplophysa anterior odorsalis, Glyptothorax sinense and Weiwei Pseudobagrus emarginatus were the main economic fishes in the investigation area. In the first half of the year and the second half of the year, there was a significant statistical difference in the catch structure of the fish. The fish migration between the main stream of the Jinsha River and the lower reaches of the Heishui River showed a trend of first fluctuation and then a monthly increase, in which the CPUE in October was the lowest. The comparative curve of abundance biomass showed that the catch structure in each month of 2014 was seriously disturbed. Sand mining and overfishing in the lower reaches of Heishui River were the main factors affecting the fish resources in the lower reaches of Heishui River before impounding. It is suggested that the fish resources in this area be protected by controlling the river section of sand mining, the time of sand mining and the total ban on fishing.
【作者单位】：水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51379134) 水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201501001)~~
【分类号】：S937

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