气候变化背景下西南山地资源型城市水安全问题与对策——以昆明东川为例

发布时间：2018-03-27 15:56

本文选题：水安全　切入点：气候变化　出处：《山地学报》2016年06期

【摘要】：山地资源型城市地理条件复杂,近现代人类活动强烈,环境破坏严重,生态脆弱,易受气候变化影响下水资源配置与利用失衡而引发水安全问题。我国西南山区近几十年来受气候变暖影响极端干旱灾害频发,加之资源型城市地区长期存在水污染问题,区内居民水安全风险较大。本研究以昆明市东川区为例,分析其近年来社会经济发展与水资源量变化趋势;并对不同海拔梯度自然村进行农村饮水、灌溉用水问卷调查;对区内主要河流进行水质采样、以分析东川现存水安全问题并提出相应对策措施。结果显示,东川区近年来水资源量有减少趋势,农业发展增速缓慢;同时区内存在水量、水质两类水安全问题;干旱期,中、高山区以山泉作为主要水源、及雨水作为主要灌溉用水的自然村常存在用水量短缺问题;大部分河流均受到不同程度重金属污染,河流水资源难以利用;河谷区人畜饮水及灌溉用水受河流水质恶化影响较重。研究提出应对措施:对中高山等水源涵养区进行生态修复;严格控制重金属排放,恢复河流水质;以及加强小水利设施建设,提高水资源利用效率。东川是典型的西南山地资源型城市,其水安全问题有一定的代表性,本研究可为上述地区水土资源耦合调控提供一定借鉴。
[Abstract]:Mountainous resource-based cities have complex geographical conditions, strong human activities in modern times, serious environmental damage and fragile ecology. The water security problem is caused by the imbalance of water resources allocation and utilization due to the influence of climate change. In recent decades, extreme drought disasters affected by climate warming have occurred frequently in the mountainous areas of southwest China, and the water pollution problem exists in resource-based urban areas for a long time. In this study, Dongchuan District of Kunming City was taken as an example to analyze the social and economic development and the trend of water resources change in recent years, and a questionnaire survey of rural drinking water and irrigation water was carried out in different natural villages with different elevations. The water quality of main rivers in Dongchuan is sampled to analyze the existing water safety problems in Dongchuan and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. The results show that the quantity of water resources in Dongchuan district has a decreasing trend in recent years, and the growth rate of agricultural development is slow, and there is water quantity in Dongchuan district. There are two kinds of water safety problems in water quality. During drought, mountain springs are the main source of water in the middle and high mountains, and natural villages with Rain Water as the main irrigation water are often short of water, and most rivers are polluted by heavy metals to varying degrees. The river water resources are difficult to use, and the drinking water and irrigation water in river valley area are seriously affected by the deterioration of river water quality. The research puts forward some countermeasures: carrying out ecological restoration to the water source conservation areas such as the middle and high mountains, strictly controlling the heavy metal discharge, and restoring the river water quality; Dongchuan is a typical mountainous resource-based city in southwest China, and its water security problems are representative. This study can provide some reference for the coupling control of soil and water resources in these areas.
【作者单位】：中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所;云南财经大学城市与环境学院;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB452706)~~
【分类号】：TV213.4;P467

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