阿什河中上游水资源时空分布格局及其对气候变化的响应

发布时间：2018-04-03 07:42

本文选题：时空分布　切入点：气候变化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：水资源时空分布不均匀是我国水资源短缺的主要原因，合理调配水资源，不仅能解决局部水资源短缺的问题，还能促进当地经济和社会的发展。阿什河中上游流域位于黑龙江省，农业用水量大，水资源短缺，而且工农生用水矛盾突出。因此，通过分析当地水资源时空分布规律及其对气候变化的响应，给出合理的水资源调配策略，，从而解决水资源矛盾，就显得尤为重要。本课题通过研究阿什河中上游流域的温度、降水量、蒸散发量和径流量的时间动态变化规律和空间分布格局，并采用SWAT模型模拟气候变化对阿什河中上游流域蒸散发量和径流量的影响，进而给出阿什河中上游流域水资源的合理利用建议。考虑到水资源时空分布及其对气候变化响应的普遍性，本课题的研究方法与结果将可供全国范围内其它类似地区和流域参考。主要结论如下：采用非参数检验方法分析研究区1991-2010年温度、降水量、蒸散发量和径流量的变化趋势，得出温度呈上升趋势，降水量、蒸散发量和径流量呈下降趋势。研究阿什河中上游流域温度、降水量、蒸散发量和径流量的空间分布规律，得出研究区上游海拔较高的林地年均温度最低，中下游耕地温度较低，下游城镇用地温度较高。多年平均降水量在研究区下游比较丰富，中游帽儿山镇和平山镇地区降水量相对较少；蒸散发量空间分布不均匀，降水量多、温度高的亚流域，蒸散发量较大。不同土地利用方式也会影响蒸散发量空间分布规律，但是相对于降水量和温度来讲，影响作用较小。径流量空间分布规律受气候变化影响较小，主要表现为从研究区上游到下游沿着主河道逐渐增加，在流域出水口达到最大值，并且离主河道越近径流量越大。分析气候变化对阿什河中上游流域蒸散发和径流的影响,指出径流随着温度的增加而减小，随着降水量的增加而增加；蒸散发随着温度和降水量的增加而增大。并结合阿什河中上游流域的土地利用类型、地形地貌、气候条件以及水资源空间分布状况，可以将研究区划分为七个功能区：1、水田扩大区；2、水资源受纳区；3、水源涵养林保护区；4、水改旱区；5、水土流失保护区；6、种植业产业结构调整区（退耕）；7、水资源补给区；。这将使研究区的水资源得到合理利用，并将促进当地的经济社会发展。
[Abstract]:The uneven distribution of water resources in time and space is the main cause of water resources shortage in China. The rational allocation of water resources can not only solve the problem of local water resources shortage, but also promote the development of local economy and society.The upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River are located in Heilongjiang Province. The agricultural water consumption is large, the water resources are short, and the contradiction between industrial and agricultural water consumption is prominent.Therefore, by analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of local water resources and their response to climate change, it is particularly important to give a reasonable allocation strategy of water resources to solve the contradiction of water resources.In this paper, the temporal dynamic changes and spatial distribution patterns of temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River were studied.The effects of climate change on the evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper and middle reaches of Ashi River were simulated by using SWAT model, and the reasonable utilization of water resources in the upper and middle reaches of Ashi River was suggested.Considering the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and the universality of its response to climate change, the research methods and results of this paper can be used as reference for other similar regions and basins in the whole country.The main conclusions are as follows:The variation trend of temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the study area from 1991 to 2010 was analyzed by using non-parametric test method. The results showed that the temperature showed an upward trend, the precipitation, the evapotranspiration and the runoff showed a downward trend.The spatial distribution of temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper reaches of Ashi River is studied. The results show that the average annual temperature of forestland with higher elevation is the lowest, the temperature of cultivated land is lower in the middle and lower reaches of the study area, and the temperature of urban land is higher in the lower reaches of the study area.The annual average precipitation is abundant in the lower reaches of the study area, and the precipitation is relatively small in the middle reaches of Maoershan Town and Pingshan Town, the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration is uneven, the precipitation is more, and the amount of evapotranspiration is larger in the subbasin with high temperature.The spatial distribution of evapotranspiration was also affected by different land use patterns, but the effect was less than that of precipitation and temperature.The spatial distribution of runoff is less affected by climate change, which mainly shows that the runoff increases gradually along the main channel from upstream to downstream in the study area, and reaches the maximum value at the outlet of the river basin, and the closer the runoff is to the main channel, the greater the runoff is.The effects of climate change on the evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River are analyzed. It is pointed out that the runoff decreases with the increase of temperature and increases with the increase of precipitation, and the evapotranspiration increases with the increase of temperature and precipitation.Combined with the land use types, landforms, climatic conditions and spatial distribution of water resources in the upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River,The study zoning can be divided into seven functional areas: 1, 2 expanded paddy fields, 3 water resources receiving areas, 4 water conservation forest protection areas, 5 water conversion arid areas, 6 soil erosion protection areas, 6 planting industry industrial structure adjustment areas (returning farmland 7, water resources recharge area 7).This will make rational use of water resources in the research area and promote local economic and social development.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV211;P467

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