世界水资源转移消耗及空间解构研究——基于国际水资源投入产出模型

发布时间：2018-05-14 12:38

本文选题：水资源空间转移 + 虚拟水贸易　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年S2期

【摘要】：产品的生产和消费各个环节中均要消耗数量不等的水资源,在产品贸易过程中,这些看不见的水消耗也伴随着贸易产生了空间转移,即为虚拟水贸易。世界各国通过虚拟水贸易调整着水资源在本国的配置,国际水资源转移消耗的空间格局是如何的?国际贸易对我国水资源配置产生了什么样的影响呢?本文基于国际水资源投入产出模型,测度了1995-2009年40个主要经济体之间虚拟水贸易量,研究了国际水资源转移消耗的结构特征与格局演变轨迹。结果显示,全球虚拟水贸易网络庞大且复杂,国际间水资源转移已占世界水资源消耗的很大份额,水资源的空间转移在部分国家产生了节水效益。中国、美国、印度、墨西哥以及其他西方工业化国家是国际虚拟水贸易中最主要的国家。本文发现,国际水资源转移的结构并不平衡,虚拟水主要由发展中经济体流向发达经济体,国际贸易和分工的现状导致发达工业化国家对以中国为代表的新兴经济体水资源占用,将进一步加剧新兴经济体水资源短缺的现状。因此,在水资源环境问题已十分严峻的背景下,我国应充分重视国际贸易中对我国水资源的消耗影响,通过政策工具优化水资源的配置。
[Abstract]:In the process of product trade, the invisible water consumption is accompanied by the spatial transfer of trade, that is, virtual water trade. Countries in the world adjust the allocation of water resources in their own countries through virtual water trade. What is the spatial pattern of international water resources transfer and consumption? What impact does international trade have on the allocation of water resources in China? Based on the input-output model of international water resources, this paper measures the virtual water trade volume among 40 major economies from 1995 to 2009, and studies the structural characteristics and pattern evolution of international water resources transfer and consumption. The results show that the global virtual water trade network is huge and complex, and the international water resources transfer has accounted for a large share of the world water resources consumption, and the spatial transfer of water resources has produced water-saving benefits in some countries. China, the United States, India, Mexico and other Western industrialized countries are the most important countries in international virtual water trade. This paper finds that the structure of international water resources transfer is not balanced, and virtual water flows mainly from developing economies to developed economies. The current situation of international trade and division of labor causes the developed industrialized countries to occupy the water resources of the emerging economies represented by China, which will further aggravate the situation of water resources shortage in the emerging economies. Therefore, under the background of severe environmental problems of water resources, our country should pay full attention to the consumption of water resources in international trade and optimize the allocation of water resources through policy tools.
【作者单位】：云南省环境科学研究院;云南大学发展研究院;昆明理工大学建筑工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“全球价值链空间分布测度及中国位置——基于国际投入产出模型分析”(编号:71363062) 中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目“云南省适应气候变化政策与行动”(编号:2012040) 云南省教育厅科学研究基金重点项目“微观动态水力模型在水源性缺水城市供水调度中的应用”(编号:2013Z117)
【分类号】：TV213.4

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