水资源约束下区域耕地资源开发利用研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 05:58

本文选题：建三江分局 + 水资源　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建三江分局是我国重要的商品粮基地之一,区域生产的粮食主要供给我国各个省份,在我国粮食供应中占有极重要地位。然而,由于经济利益的驱动,水田的大规模种植使得日趋短缺的水资源已成为制约区域内农业经济持续发展的主要限制因素。截止到2014年,区域内现有耕地已发展到8641.52 km~2,与2000年比较增加了536.37 km~2。其中,水田面积增加了5370.25 km~2,到2014年面积已经达到7289.50 km~2占区域耕地面积的比例由2000年的24%到2014年达到84%,占区域面积的比例由2000年的16%发展到2014年为60%。区域内水田规模发展迅速,而且还呈现着扩增的趋势。近些年来,随着水田面积的增加,农业耗水量剧增,地下水位大幅度降低,机电井吊泵现象常有发生,造成水稻减产,致使区域农业经济损失惨重,威胁区域经济的发展,国家的粮食安全。因此,为保证粮食安全、区域经济持续稳定发展,计算区域内在现有的水利设施条件下,即在区域可开采利用的水资源量的条件下,合理利用区域耕地面积及水田面积问题,成为区域内基于水资源条件下开发利用耕地,解决农业用水与生活用水等矛盾的关键问题。本文从区域水资源量的角度计算区域耕地面积。以黑龙江省垦区建三江分局为研究区,依据遥感影像,土地利用二调数据,社会经济,水文气象数据等资料,根据区域特点仅仅围绕着区域现有土地资源利用的问题,利用水量平衡原理分析区域内现有水利设施条件下的供水量,需水量。在此基础上利用开采模数法计算各个农场的水资源量。结合求解区域耕地规模模型计算区域内适宜耕地规模。最后将计算的适宜规模与区域现有耕地面积及水田面积进行比较,分析区域内耕地及水田是否超限。以期为区域水、土资源的开发利用,耕地的适宜规模问题提供参考依据。建三江分局由15个国有农场组成,农业经济是该区域的主要经济发展方式,农业种植作物以水稻为主,农业耗水量巨大,因此对于建三江分局耕地规模尤其是水田规模的研究尤为重要。根据以上计算过程进行计算,本文所得的主要研究成果如下:通过水资源的分析,建三江分局地下水超采严重,超采9.87亿立方米。部分农场开采量超限严重,如创业农场、浓江农场、前进农场、大兴农场、七星农场和前锋农场这几个农场的开采量已超过适宜的地下水开采量。勤得利农场还有很大的空间可继续开采区域水资源。建三江分局耕地总体规模变大,其中水田、旱地的变化最为明显。水田面积增加,旱地面积缩减且水田的变化速率高于旱地的变化。到2014年区域耕地规模与适宜规模比较超限6411.81 km~2。其中,水田面积超限5303.71 km~2。和区域耕地超限面积非常接近,由此可知,区域内耕地的超限面积主要来自于水田面积的增加。其中,八五九农场,前进农场,七星农场和前锋农场水田面积超限严重,超限面积在360-480 km~2之间。二道河农场,创业农场,浓江农场,青龙山农场,红卫农场,洪河农场,前哨农场和大兴农场,这几个农场的水田面积也都超限,超限面积在230-290 km~2之间。根据计算可知,各个农场的适宜水田面积占各自区域面积的25%或26%。2000-2014年间水田面积变化显著。不仅在数量上有明显的变化,在空间上也有显著的变化。且集中连片式的规模发展扩张。水田的大面积集中扩张,而旱地仅在区域的边缘地带成零星状分布存在。因此,根据结论可知建三江分局在现有的水利设施,现有水资源利用条件下,已不再适合继续扩大耕地面积。
[Abstract]:Sanjiang branch is one of the important commodity grain bases in China. The grain produced in the region is mainly supplied to all provinces in China and occupies an important position in the grain supply of our country. However, because of the driving of economic benefits, the large-scale planting of the paddy field makes the increasingly scarce water resources become the main restriction of the sustainable development of the agricultural economy in the region. As of 2014, the existing cultivated land in the region has developed to 8641.52 km~2, which has increased by 536.37 km~2. compared with 2000. The area of the paddy field increased by 5370.25 km~2, and the proportion of the area reached to 7289.50 km~2 in 2014 reached 84% from 24% to 2014 in 2000, and the proportion of the area is 16 in 2000. In 2014, the scale of the paddy field developed rapidly in the 60%. region, and it also showed a trend of expansion. In recent years, with the increase of the area of the paddy field, the agricultural water consumption increased dramatically, the groundwater level was greatly reduced, the phenomenon of the mechanical and electrical hoist pump often occurred, resulting in the reduction of rice production, the heavy loss of the regional agricultural economy and the threat of regional economic development. Therefore, in order to ensure food security and ensure the sustainable and stable development of the regional economy, under the conditions of the existing water conservancy facilities in the region, that is, under the conditions of the water resources available in the region, the area of cultivated land and the area of paddy field are rationally utilized, and the cultivated land is developed and utilized under the conditions of water resources in the region. To solve the key problems of the contradiction between agricultural water use and domestic water use. This paper calculates regional arable land area from the angle of regional water resources. Taking the Sanjiang branch of Heilongjiang reclamation area as the research area, according to remote sensing images, the land use two data, social economy, hydrometeorological data and so on, according to the regional characteristics, only around the region existing. Using the principle of water balance, the water supply and water demand under the existing water conservancy facilities in the region are analyzed by the principle of water balance. On this basis, the amount of water resources of each farm is calculated by mining modulus method. The suitable scale of cultivated land in the region is calculated by solving the model of regional cultivated land scale. Finally, the suitable scale of calculation and regional current are now calculated. In order to provide reference basis for regional water, exploitation and utilization of soil resources and the suitable scale of cultivated land, the Sanjiang branch is composed of 15 state-owned farms, and the agricultural economy is the main economic development mode of the region, and the agricultural crops are rice. Mainly, the agricultural water consumption is huge, so it is particularly important to study the scale of cultivated land in Sanjiang branch, especially the scale of paddy field. According to the calculation process above, the main research results of this paper are as follows: through the analysis of water resources, the groundwater overoverexploitation in Sanjiang branch is serious and overmining 987 million cubic meters. Such farms, such as entrepreneurial farms, strong River farms, Qianjin farm, Daxing farm, seven star farm and forward farm, have exceeded the appropriate groundwater exploitation. The farm still has a lot of space to continue to exploit regional water resources. The Sanjiang branch has a large scale of cultivated land, of which the paddy fields and dryland changes are the most. It is obvious that the area of paddy field is increased, the area of dry land is reduced and the rate of change of paddy field is higher than that of dry land. By 2014, the area of cultivated land and suitable scale are over 6411.81 km~2., the area exceeding limit of 5303.71 km~2. of paddy field and the overlimit area of cultivated land are very close. The area of farmland is increasing. Among them, 859 farm, Qianjin farm, seven star farm and forwards farm have a serious area of over limited area. The area of Overlimited area is between 360-480 km~2. The two Dao river farm, the venture farm, the strong river farm, the Qinglong mountain farm, the Hongwei farm, the Honghe farm, the sentinel farm and the Daxing farm, the area of the paddy fields of these farms are also beyond the limit, super area. The limited area is between 230-290 km~2. According to the calculation, the suitable paddy field area of each farm accounts for a significant change in the area of 25% or 26%.2000-2014 in the area of each area. The dryland is only scattered in the marginal zone of the region. Therefore, it is concluded that the Sanjiang branch is no longer suitable for continuing to expand the area of cultivated land under the existing water resources utilization conditions.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.21

【参考文献】