湖北金沙河水库渔业资源状况及生态系统模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 23:17

本文选题：金沙河水库 + 渔业资源　；参考：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：金沙河水库是位于长江中游众多水库中的大型水库之一,其在集水区特征、水库形态、综合的功能等方面均具有代表性,而且是重要的饮用水源地。本研究通过调查金沙河水库基本渔业资源状况并对其水体营养状态进行评价,利用生态系统模型软件Ecopath with Ecosim构建能够代表该生态系统特点的模型,并基于模型的功能对水库生态系统的结构和功能开展定量分析,探讨大量放养滤食性鲢、鳙对水库生态系统结构的影响,主要结果如下:1、金沙河水库全年水温5.8~33.2℃,p H7.20~8.69,溶氧7.45~10.28 mg/L,氨氮含量0.0173~0.6763 mg/L,亚硝氮含量0~0.0057 mg/L,硝氮含量0.0421~0.2968 mg/L,总氮含量0.2167~0.9543 mg/L,活性磷含量0.0003~0.0222mg/L,总磷含量0.0040~0.0350 mg/L,COD含量0.6231~2.0625 mg/L,叶绿素a含量0.0035~0.0197 mg/L,有机碎屑含量1.488~3.411 mg/L。各理化指标除总氮以外均在国家地表水II类水标准范围内,根据综合营养状态指数(TLI)评价出金沙河水库的营养状态表现夏、秋、春季为中营养型,冬季为贫营养型。2、金沙河河水库共鉴定出浮游植物8门94属216种,其密度变化范围7.99×105~360.20×105 ind./L,生物量变化范围0.7906~7.5478 mg/L,将各季节优势种类和经Pearson相关性分析筛选出的环境因子进行冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,筛选的环境因子中磷酸盐(PO43--P)、总磷(TP)和溶氧(DO)是影响金沙河水库浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子;共鉴定浮游动物95种,以原生动物和轮虫种类较多,其密度变化范围为4939.90~27238.10ind./L,生物量变化范围为0.5579~1.4890 mg/L,经RDA分析,影响金沙河水库浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子为NO3--N、TN和TP;共鉴定底栖动物23种,摇蚊幼虫种类最多,金沙河水库底栖动物密度范围为320.00~1750.00 ind./L,生物量范围为1.0846~10.9478 g/m2,且影响底栖动物群落的主要环境因子包括NH4+-N、PO43--P和TP。根据这三种饵料生物优势种、密度、生物量及相关指数,评价金沙河水库水体营养状况与综合营养指数评价的结果一致,即冬季为贫营养,其余三个季节为中营养。3、建立金沙河水库生态系统Ecopath模型。结果表明,该生态系统共4个有效营养级,各个功能组的能量分布呈“金字塔形”,且能量主要在4个营养级之间流动。系统能流通道主要包括牧食食物链和碎屑食物链,且系统对初级生产力利用效率低。系统TPP/TR值、CI指数、SOI指数和FCI循环指数分别为6.735、0.277、0.087和0.084,均显示金沙河水库生态系统结构简单,处于不成熟阶段,各功能组连接松散,抵抗外界干扰能力差。系统对鳙的增殖放养密度过大,一方面对浮游动物的捕食压力增大,使浮游植物得不到充分利用,另一方面,鳙对肉食性鱼类的负面影响,会造成凶猛鱼类数量越来越少,不利于生态系统结构的稳定性。与以前对金沙河水库的研究相比较,金沙河水库有富营养化趋势,并且金沙河水库氮含量偏高,而氮、磷含量与鱼类饵料生物密切相关。因此,该水库应该加大力度控制氮、磷元素的输入,以免水库发生富营养化;另一方面,建议该水库控制鳙的放养数量,调整鲢、鳙放养比例,并且适当增加凶猛性鱼类的数量,以利于提高该生态系统结构的稳定性。
[Abstract]:Jinsha River reservoir is one of the large reservoirs located in many reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is representative in water catchment area, reservoir shape, comprehensive function and so on. It is an important source of drinking water. This study evaluates the basic fishery resources of Jinsha River Reservoir and evaluates the nutrient status of the water body and uses the ecology. The system model software Ecopath with Ecosim constructs the model that can represent the characteristics of the ecosystem, and based on the function of the model to carry out quantitative analysis on the structure and function of the reservoir ecosystem, and discuss the influence of a large number of filter feeding carp and bighead carp on the structure of the reservoir ecosystem. The main results are as follows: 1, the water temperature of Jinsha River reservoir is 5.8~33.2 C in the whole year, P H7.20~8.69, dissolved oxygen 7.45~10.28 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen content 0.0173~0.6763 mg/L, nitrite nitrogen content 0~0.0057 mg/L, nitrate nitrogen content 0.0421~0.2968 mg/L, total nitrogen content 0.2167~0.9543 mg/L, active phosphorus content, total phosphorus content 2.0625 According to the comprehensive nutrition state index (TLI), the nutritional status of Jinsha River reservoir was evaluated in summer, autumn, spring, and poor nutrition type.2, and 8 gates and 94 genera of phytoplankton were identified in Jinsha He river reservoir, and the density change of the Jinsha River reservoir was found in the standard range of II water standard of the national surface water except total nitrogen in the national surface water standard range of water II. The range of 7.99 x 105~360.20 x 105 ind./L and the variation range of biomass 0.7906~7.5478 mg/L were used to analyze the environmental factors which were selected from various seasonal advantages and Pearson correlation analysis (Redundancy analysis, RDA). The results showed that the selected environmental factors were phosphate (PO43--P), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were affected by the Jinsha River river. The main environmental factors of the phytoplankton community structure; 95 species of zooplankton were identified. The species of protozoa and rotifer were more, the range of density was 4939.90~27238.10ind./L, and the range of biomass was 0.5579~1.4890 mg/L. The main environmental factors affecting the zooplankton community structure of Jinsha River reservoir were NO3--N, TN and TP. 23 species of benthic animals were identified, and the species of Chironomus were the most species. The range of benthic zoobenthos was 320.00~1750.00 ind./L and the range of biomass was 1.0846~10.9478 g/m2, and the main environmental factors affecting the benthic community included NH4+-N, PO43--P and TP., according to the three species of bait biodominant species, density, biomass and related index, The evaluation of the water nutrition status of Jinsha River reservoir is consistent with the evaluation of comprehensive nutrition index. That is, winter is poor nutrition and the other three seasons are medium nutrition.3, and the Ecopath model of Jinsha River reservoir ecosystem is set up. The result shows that the ecosystem has 4 effective nutrition levels, and the energy distribution of each power group is "Pyramid", and the energy is main. The system flow channel mainly consists of 4 trophic levels. The system flow channel mainly includes the grazing food chain and the detrital food chain, and the system has low utilization efficiency for primary productivity. The system TPP/TR value, the CI index, the SOI index and the FCI cycle index are 6.735,0.277,0.087 and 0.084 respectively, which show that the structure of the Jinsha River reservoir is simple and in the immature stage, On the other hand, the negative effects of the bighead bighead on the carnivorous fish will cause less and less ferocious fish, which is not conducive to the stability of the ecosystem structure. Compared with previous studies on Jinsha River reservoir, Jinsha River reservoir has a trend of eutrophication, and the nitrogen content of Jinsha River reservoir is high and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is closely related to fish bait organisms. Therefore, the reservoir should strengthen the control of nitrogen and phosphorus input so as to avoid the eutrophication of the reservoir; on the other hand, the reservoir should be recommended to the reservoir. We should control the stocking numbers of bighead carp, adjust the stocking proportion of silver carp and bighead carp, and increase the number of ferocious fish appropriately, so as to improve the stability of the ecosystem structure.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S932.4

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