基于GIS技术的耕地后备资源开发利用评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 20:17

本文选题：地评价 + 评价模型　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：以湘潭市岳塘区为研究区域,以该区域的DEM数据、农村土地现状数据和地力等级数据作为数据源,借助ArcGIS软件作为数据处理平台,分别从自然条件与生态安全条件,经济效益等方面分析当地开发耕地后备资源的潜力,建立评价指标体系和评价模型,评价了耕地后备资源开发利用等级和分布,提出了耕地后备资源开发利用的建议,为湘潭市岳塘区耕地后备资源的开发利用提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下。(1)构建了耕地后备资源开发利用评价体系。针对湘潭市岳塘区的耕地后备资源条件,选取了该区DEM数据(提取该区的坡度)、侵蚀程度、土壤的厚度、土壤质地、土壤有机质含量、农田基本设施、灌溉能力、输水方式、土壤结构、排水能力、交通通达率等十三个评价因子,运用层次分析法和专家打分法确定评价权重与分值,建立开发利用评价指标体系。(2)研究了基于GIS的耕地后备资源评价方法。以湘潭市岳塘区为研究区,利用30 m分辨率的DEM图,提取高程、坡度,通过该区土地利用现状图,提取耕地后备资源图斑,提取研究区交通图,利用全国第二次上壤普查成果,提取上层厚度、上壤质地、土壤有机质、土壤结构、排水能力、灌溉能力等数据。以分辨率为30×30 m的评价单元实施叠加运算,获得每个评价单元的综合分值,运用GIS空间分析功能,进行栅格叠加运算,得到整个研究区的耕地后备资源开发利用适宜性等级。(3)根据建立的耕地后备资源开发利用评价指标体系和研究的评价方法,应用GIS平台计算耕地后备资源的适宜性等级、分布情况、各等级面积。得到了湘潭市岳塘区在生态安全下的耕地后备资源开发利用适宜性评价结果。耕地后备资源主要分布在岳塘区的东北部地区,总共面积为63826.40 hm2,其中最适宜的耕地后备资源为37295.10 hm2,占58.4%,适宜的耕地后备资源为19694.70 hm2,占30.8%,最不适宜的耕地后备资源有1928.70 hm2,占11.8%,湘潭市岳塘区可供开发利用的耕地后备资源相对较多,且质量相对较好。(4)提出了针对湘潭市岳塘区耕地后备资源开发利用的建议,主要包括调整作物播种类型、对于坡度较低,交通便利的地区可采用机械化来提高开发利用的经济效益,政府通过政策引导作物播种,充分开发利用耕地后备资源。
[Abstract]:Taking Yuetang District of Xiangtan City as the research area, taking Dem data, rural land status data and land fertility grade data as data sources, and using ArcGIS software as data processing platform, the natural conditions and ecological security conditions are analyzed respectively. This paper analyzes the potential of local cultivated land reserve resources in economic benefits, establishes an evaluation index system and evaluation model, evaluates the grade and distribution of cultivated land reserve resources development and utilization, and puts forward some suggestions for the development and utilization of cultivated land reserve resources. To provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of cultivated land reserve resources in Yuetang District, Xiangtan City. The main results are as follows: (1) the evaluation system of cultivated land reserve resources development and utilization is constructed. According to the condition of cultivated land reserve resources in Yuetang District, Xiangtan City, Dem data, erosion degree, soil thickness, soil texture, soil organic matter content, farmland infrastructure, irrigation capacity, water conveyance mode were selected. Thirteen evaluation factors, such as soil structure, drainage capacity, and traffic access rate, were used to determine the evaluation weights and scores by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the expert scoring method. The evaluation index system of exploitation and utilization is established. (2) the evaluation method of cultivated land reserve resources based on GIS is studied. Taking Yuetang District of Xiangtan City as the research area, using Dem map with 30 m resolution, the elevation and slope are extracted. Through the land use present situation map in this area, the plot of cultivated land reserve resources is extracted, the traffic map of the research area is extracted, and the results of the second national survey on soil are used. The data of upper layer thickness, soil texture, soil organic matter, soil structure, drainage capacity and irrigation capacity were extracted. The evaluation unit with a resolution of 30 脳 30 m is used to perform superposition operation, and the comprehensive score of each evaluation unit is obtained, and the grid superposition operation is carried out by using the spatial analysis function of GIS. According to the evaluation index system of cultivated land reserve resources development and utilization and the evaluation method, the suitability grade of cultivated land reserve resources is calculated by using GIS platform. Distribution, each grade area. The evaluation results of cultivated land reserve resources exploitation and utilization under ecological security in Yuetang District of Xiangtan City were obtained. Cultivated land reserve resources are mainly distributed in the northeast of Yuetang District, The total area is 63826.40 hm ~ 2, of which the most suitable reserve resource of cultivated land is 37295.10 hm ~ 2 (58.4%), the suitable reserve resource of cultivated land is 19694.70 hm ~ 2 (30.8mm ~ 2), and the most unsuitable reserve resource of cultivated land is 1928.70 hm ~ (2), accounting for 11.8%. The cultivated land in Yuetang District of Xiangtan City is available for development and utilization. The reserve resources are relatively large, And the quality is relatively good. (4) suggestions for the development and utilization of cultivated land reserve resources in Yuetang District of Xiangtan City are put forward, including the adjustment of crop sowing type, and the lower slope. Mechanization can be used to improve the economic benefit of development and utilization in areas with convenient transportation, and the government can fully develop and utilize the reserve resources of cultivated land through policies to guide the planting of crops.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.211;S127

【参考文献】