莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和多样性的年际变化

发布时间：2018-10-18 15:15

【摘要】：根据2009 2013年每年8月在莱州湾水域进行的渔业底拖网调查数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域的渔业资源群落结构和多样性特征的年际变化。结果显示,调查共鉴定出100种资源种类,其中鱼类56种;渔业资源种类和资源量存在明显的年际变化,2013年渔业资源种类数为2012年种类数的84.4%,仅为2009年的60.3%,平均网获质量明显下降。鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替。各生态多样性指数均呈现下降趋势,Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)变化范围为2.67?3.95,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H?)变化范围为0.70?3.83,Pielou均匀度指数(J?)变化范围为0.12?0.63。聚类分析(CLUSTER)和多维标度分析(MDS)分析表明,在相同的相似性水平上分组,组内平均相似性与组间相异性变大。单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,各年渔业群落结构均存在显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,莱州湾渔业资源逐年衰退,优势种更替明显,群落结构发生明显变化,多样性呈下降趋势。
[Abstract]:Based on the survey data of fishery bottom trawl in Laizhou Bay in August of 2009 and 2013, the interannual variation of fishery resources community structure and diversity in Laizhou Bay was studied by means of ecological diversity index and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that 100 species were identified, including 56 species of fish. The species and quantity of fishery resources have obvious interannual changes. The number of fishery resources in 2013 is 84.4% of the number of species in 2012, which is only 60.33% of that in 2009. The average net quality of fishery resources decreased obviously. The composition of dominant species of fish has the phenomenon of interannual change, mainly from high economic value, large individual species to low economic value and small species succession. The species richness index (R) of Margalef was 2.67 ~ 3.95% Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H?). The range of variation is 0.70 (3.83) Pielou evenness index (J?). The range of variation is 0.12 ~ 0.63. Clustering analysis (CLUSTER) and multidimensional scale analysis (MDS) showed that the average similarity within the group was larger than that among the groups at the same similarity level. Single factor similarity analysis (ANOSIM) showed that there were significant differences in fishery community structure in each year (P0.05). To sum up, fishery resources in Laizhou Bay declined year by year, dominant species changed obviously, community structure changed obviously and diversity decreased.
【作者单位】：农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业科研专项(2013030503)、农业部黄渤海渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站国家973项目(2015CB453303) 山东省泰山学者工程专项共同资助
【分类号】：S931.1

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