晋西北沙化区水资源承载力研究
发布时间:2018-12-20 15:27
【摘要】:水资源供需失衡是我国诸多地区亟需解决的重要问题,合理地利用有限水资源,提高水资源承载力是维系社会稳定,保证经济发展的关键。长期以来工农业和生活用水大量挤占生态用水,致使晋西北地区植被破坏,水土流失,土地沙化,优先保障生态需水是遏制晋西北沙化区生态环境进一步恶化的主要途径。本研究选取晋西北典型沙化区——右玉县为研究区,构建晋西北沙化区生态需水模型。依据2004-2013年间气温(℃)、气压(Pa)、降水量(mm)等逐日气象数据计算研究区不同时段的蒸散量,并结合不同时期的土地利用/覆被变化状况对该区生态需水量进行计算分析。在此基础上,结合研究区自然和社会经济条件,运用多目标模型和主成分分析法对该地区水资源承载力进行计算分析,并提出优化配置模式。结果表明:(1)研究区多年日平均参考蒸散基本呈现正态分布格局,参考蒸散的最低值出现在年初和年末;参考蒸散的多年月平均变化趋势基本呈抛物线型,其中高值区出现在植被的生长季(5月、6月和7月),低值区出现在非生长季(1月和12月),蒸散分布呈现该种形式与当地的气候特征密切相关。(2)对比三种植被类型生长季内的生态需水量可得出,草地的生态需水量最小,为1×10~8m~3,旱地的生态需水量最大,接近4×108m3。虽然林地的单位面积生态需水量为560 mm,而旱地单位面积生态需水量仅为400 mm,但由于旱地分布面积远高于林地,因此旱地的生态需水量最大,林地次之。(3)按照现状水资源条件、工农业生产规模和人口数量进行评估,研究区水资源承载力处于严重超标状态,其中人口超标率高达52.91%。右玉县水资源承载力在2003-2007年存在明显波动,2008-2011年呈现增长态势,虽然人口和经济规模不断扩大,但2008-2011年的总用水量相比前5年明显减小,说明水资源开发利用率有所提高。为防止研究区生态环境进一步恶化,保障全县经济社会健康持续发展,可以通过修建水利设施进行合理的人工调蓄,不仅可以及时为晋西北沙化区农耕地提供充足的水量,而且可依据林地和草地的生长规律为其植被建设按需供水。在此基础上,从外界补给水量,方可彻底解决研究区水资源供需矛盾。
[Abstract]:The imbalance between supply and demand of water resources is an important problem that needs to be solved in many areas of our country. It is the key to maintain social stability and ensure economic development to make rational use of limited water resources and improve the carrying capacity of water resources. For a long time, industrial, agricultural and domestic water have been used for a large amount of ecological water, resulting in vegetation destruction, soil erosion, land desertification and priority protection of ecological water demand in northwest Shanxi Province, which is the main way to curb the further deterioration of ecological environment in the desert area of Northwest Shanxi Province. This study selected Youyu County, a typical desertification area of northwest Shanxi Province, as the study area, and constructed ecological water demand model of desertification area in northwest Shanxi Province. Based on the daily meteorological data such as air temperature (鈩,
本文编号:2388185
[Abstract]:The imbalance between supply and demand of water resources is an important problem that needs to be solved in many areas of our country. It is the key to maintain social stability and ensure economic development to make rational use of limited water resources and improve the carrying capacity of water resources. For a long time, industrial, agricultural and domestic water have been used for a large amount of ecological water, resulting in vegetation destruction, soil erosion, land desertification and priority protection of ecological water demand in northwest Shanxi Province, which is the main way to curb the further deterioration of ecological environment in the desert area of Northwest Shanxi Province. This study selected Youyu County, a typical desertification area of northwest Shanxi Province, as the study area, and constructed ecological water demand model of desertification area in northwest Shanxi Province. Based on the daily meteorological data such as air temperature (鈩,
本文编号:2388185
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