中国省际水资源利用的公平性研究

发布时间：2019-01-14 07:09

【摘要】：水资源低效利用成为目前各省经济发展中要素投入的"新常态"问题,由此产生层出不穷的跨界用水纠纷和水污染事件,因此必须协调经济社会发展与水资源消耗的关系,改善地区间用水的公平性。选取水资源禀赋量、人口数量、GDP总量和用水总量等指标,借助对比柱形图、加权变异系数、基尼系数和泰尔指数等多种方法,对中国各省份水资源利用的差异性进行分析,并根据水资源消耗的主要用途及水资源污染的严重态势,从经济和生态两个视角分别构建用水匹配指数,通过指数矩阵对各省水资源消耗的公平性进行评价,从而从总体上对全国各省水资源利用情况进行判断。研究表明,基于人口加权的全国生活用水基尼系数为0.311,且各省的基尼系数值差异较小,生活用水相对公平;但上海、江苏、宁夏等省份水资源禀赋与用水量严重不协调,西藏、四川、广东等省份资源禀赋优势没有得到有效发挥;各省经济用水差异性较明显,且东部用水泰尔指数的地区间差异要明显高于地区内差异,东部地区用水泰尔指数的地区间差异贡献率占主要地位,达到62.92%,大约为西部地区的10倍;水资源经济与生态效益双强型省份仅只有5个,而23个省份都是经济效益或生态效益单强型,经济效益与生态效益双弱型省份有3个,这也充分表明我国绝大多数省份的经济产出或水污染排放物相对于其水消耗总量是不对称和不公平的。根据研究结果得出如下建议:针对不同类别的省份,国家有必要制定相应的政策来改变目前各省份用水的差异性,不断促进用水分配趋于公平。另外,各省份应积极响应国家宏观政策,根据自身经济发展和资源禀赋的差异,大力发展优势产业,以优化地区间用水的公平性。
[Abstract]:The inefficient utilization of water resources has become a "new normal" problem in the economic development of various provinces, resulting in endless transboundary water disputes and water pollution incidents. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between economic and social development and water resources consumption. Improve equity of water use between regions. With the help of comparative column map, weighted coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient and Thiel index, the differences of water resources utilization in different provinces of China are analyzed by selecting the indexes of water resources endowment, population, total GDP and total water use, and by means of comparative column map, weighted coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient and Thiel index, etc. According to the main uses of water resources consumption and the serious situation of water resources pollution, the matching index of water use is constructed from two angles of view of economy and ecology, and the equity of water resources consumption in each province is evaluated by exponential matrix. So as a whole, the use of water resources in all provinces of the country is judged. The research shows that the Gini coefficient of domestic water is 0.311 based on population weighting, and the difference of Gini coefficient of each province is small, and the consumption of domestic water is relatively fair. However, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Ningxia and other provinces water endowment and water consumption are not in harmony, Tibet, Sichuan, Guangdong and other provinces have not been effectively given full play to the advantages of resource endowment; The difference of economic water use in each province is obvious, and the regional difference of the eastern water use index is obviously higher than that of the intraregional difference. The contribution rate of the eastern region water use Tyr index is 62.92%, the main contribution rate of the water use index is 62.92%. About 10 times as much as in the west; There are only 5 provinces with dual strong economic and ecological benefits of water resources, while 23 provinces are all of single strong economic or ecological benefits, and there are 3 provinces with weak economic and ecological benefits. It also shows that the economic output or water pollution discharge of most provinces in China is asymmetric and unfair relative to the total water consumption. According to the results of the study, the following suggestions are made: for different provinces, it is necessary for the state to formulate corresponding policies to change the differences of water use in different provinces at present, and to promote the distribution of water to be more equitable. In addition, every province should respond positively to the national macro policy and develop the superior industry according to the difference of its own economic development and resource endowment, so as to optimize the equity of water use among regions.
【作者单位】：河海大学低碳经济研究所;江苏省"世界水谷"与水生态文明协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“绿色水资源利用效率的空间异质性及其与新型城镇化的耦合”(编号:41301620) 江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目“江苏农村水污染治理机制研究”(编号:2012SJD790023) 河海大学中央高校基金项目(编号:2013B09414)
【分类号】：TV213.4

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