近50年山东省农业气候资源变化特征

发布时间：2019-04-02 04:35

【摘要】：利用山东省90个气象站1961—2010年逐日气象观测数据,比较分析了该区域冬小麦和夏玉米生长季光、热、水等农业气候资源的时空变化特征.结果表明:研究期间,山东省冬小麦和夏玉米生长季各项气温指标均呈显著升高趋势,冬小麦生长季升高趋势更明显;日照时数显著减少;降水量和干燥度无显著变化;夏玉米生长季蒸散量显著减少.冬小麦和夏玉米生长季各农业气候资源呈大致的经向或纬向递增或递减的空间分布.不同区域各农业气候资源历年变化特征差异明显,鲁西地区各气温指标升高趋势较弱,鲁中和鲁西南地区日照时数减少趋势最显著,鲁西地区蒸散量和干燥度减少趋势最显著,鲁中和鲁东南地区冬小麦生长季降水量增加趋势较明显,鲁中和鲁南地区夏玉米生长季降水量增加趋势较明显.山东省热量资源的增加有利于冬小麦生长季各阶段的发育,但植物病虫害的防治难度及农作物遭受高温热害的风险加大,日照时数减少不利于农作物生长期的光合作用,蒸散量减少则有利于土壤水分的保存.
[Abstract]:Based on the daily meteorological observation data of 90 meteorological stations in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2010, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of agricultural climate resources such as light, heat and water in the growth season of winter wheat and summer maize in this region were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the temperature indexes of winter wheat and summer maize in Shandong Province increased significantly in the growing season, especially in winter wheat growing season, the sunshine hours decreased significantly, the precipitation and dryness had no significant changes, and there were no significant changes in precipitation and dryness in winter wheat and summer maize growing season in Shandong Province. The evapotranspiration of summer maize decreased significantly in the growing season. The spatial distribution of agro-climatic resources in winter wheat and summer maize growing season was about meridional or zonal increasing or decreasing. The variation characteristics of agricultural climate resources in different regions are obviously different in the past years. The rising trend of temperature indexes in western Shandong is weak, the decreasing trend of sunshine hours in central Shandong and southwest Shandong is the most significant, and the decreasing trend of evapotranspiration and drying degree is the most significant in the west of Shandong. The precipitation increase trend in winter wheat growing season is obvious in central and southeastern Shandong, and the precipitation increasing trend in summer maize growing season in central Shandong and southern Shandong is obvious. The increase of heat resources in Shandong Province is conducive to the development of winter wheat at all stages of the growing season, but the difficulty of controlling plant pests and diseases and the increased risk of high-temperature heat damage to crops, and the decrease in sunshine hours are not conducive to photosynthesis in the growing period of crops. The decrease of evapotranspiration is beneficial to the preservation of soil moisture.
【作者单位】：山东省气候中心;济南市气象局;山东省气象服务中心;
【基金】：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306034)资助
【分类号】：S162.3

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