呼伦湖渔业资源调查评估及生态修复技术

发布时间：2019-07-19 07:15

【摘要】：呼伦湖水质未受到现代工农业污染,基本符合《渔业水质标准》(GB11607—89)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中3类水质标准。呼伦湖水体水型为CINa,属于半咸水。湖水中营养盐含量较高,氮磷比例也较合理,完全能够充分满足藻类繁殖生长需要。呼伦湖富营养化严重,鱼类区系组成和种群结构极不合理,渔业资源严重衰退,渔获物已基本完全低质化、小型化、单一化。提出立体综合营养级串联效应技术模式治理呼伦湖富营养化,调整呼伦湖鱼类区系组成,扩大顶级肉食性鱼类种群规模,并提高呼伦湖渔获物价值的办法实现生态修复呼伦湖。2010年建成苗种繁育孵化设施、设置生态修复试验区和自然产卵繁殖场,2011—2012年共投放红鳍湆苗种623万尾、细鳞鱼苗种197万尾、高白鲑苗种380万尾。预计可回捕红鳍湆27000kg、细鳞鱼72000kg、高白鲑342000kg,转化N、P的量分别为66591kg、2448kg,实现了通过生态治理方法达到延缓呼伦湖富营养化、调整呼伦湖鱼类区系组成、扩大经济鱼类种群规模、提高渔获物价值的目的,为其渔业发展探索了一条有效途径。
[Abstract]:The water quality of Hulun Lake is not polluted by modern industry and agriculture, which basically accords with the three kinds of water quality standards in Fisheries quality Standard (GB11607-89) and Surface Water Environmental quality Standard (GB3838-2002). The water type of Hulun Lake is CINa, which belongs to brackish water. The content of nutrients in lake water is high, and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus is more reasonable, which can fully meet the needs of algae reproduction and growth. The eutrophication of Hulun Lake is serious, the composition of fish fauna and population structure are very unreasonable, the fishery resources are seriously declining, and the catch has been basically completely low in quality, miniaturization and simplification. This paper puts forward the technical model of three-dimensional comprehensive nutrition grade series effect to control eutrophication of Hulun Lake, adjust the composition of fish fauna in Hulun Lake, expand the scale of top carnivorous fish stocks, and improve the catch value of Hulun Lake to realize ecological restoration of Hulun Lake. In 2010, seedling breeding and hatching facilities were built, ecological restoration experimental areas and natural spawning breeding grounds were set up, and a total of 6.23 million seedlings were released in 2012. There were 1.97 million fine scale fish fry and 3.8 million high white salmon seedlings. It is estimated that red fin is 27000 kg, fine scale fish 72000 kg, high white salmon 342000 kg, the amount of P is 66591 kg, 2448 kg respectively, which realizes the purpose of delaying eutrophication of Hulun Lake, adjusting the fish fauna composition of Hulun Lake, expanding the scale of economic fish population and increasing the fishing value, which explores an effective way for the development of Hulun Lake.
【作者单位】：内蒙古自治区水产技术推广站;北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院食品科学与工程系;吉林大学;阿拉善盟农畜产品质量监测中心;巴彦淖尔市临河区水产站;内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院;
【分类号】：S932.4

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