弥散张量成像在胎儿脑发育中的研究进展

发布时间：2017-12-26 21:31

本文关键词：弥散张量成像在胎儿脑发育中的研究进展　出处：《磁共振成像》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：胎脑从妊娠第3周末一个简单的神经管结构发育成出生后功能结构复杂的脑组织,期间经历了脑原始诱导发育、神经细胞增殖、神经元移行、两侧大脑半球皮质层状结构形成、脑室、沟、裂、脑回发育,以及白质纤维出现到成熟的髓鞘化过程。这些发育过程极其精确复杂,但是遵从严格的顺序。产前超声仅能筛查早期胎脑较明显的先天异常,无法评估这些细微的脑结构发育情况。近年来发展的磁共振成像技术为胎脑发育的研究提供了有用工具,尤其是弥散张量成像技术通过检测脑组织的水分子弥散运动,提供了从微观结构层面观察胎脑信息的视角,同胎脑组织学研究形成互补。本文将简要介绍弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)技术应用于胎脑方面的优势及其主要应用手段,DTI对皮质层状结构的显示,以及显示白质纤维束出现的时间、顺序、胎脑纤维束连接的变化、白质髓鞘化前成熟过程等,还总结了目前DTI技术用于胎儿脑成像的主要技术难题与解决办法,为进一步应用弥散张量成像研究正常胎儿脑发育奠定理论基础。
[Abstract]:From the third week of pregnancy fetal brain with a simple structure of neural tube development after the birth of functional structure of complex brain tissue, experienced a period of primitive brain development and neural cell proliferation, induced neuronal migration, both sides of the cerebral hemisphere lamellar structure formation, ventricle, ditch, crack, back to brain development, and white matter fibers appear to the process of myelination of mature. These processes are extremely precise and complex, but in strict order. Prenatal ultrasound can only screen the obvious congenital abnormalities of the early fetal brain, and can not evaluate these subtle brain structures. Magnetic resonance imaging technology developed in recent years provides a useful tool for the study of fetal brain development, especially the diffusion tensor imaging technique by water molecule diffusion motion detection of brain tissue, observe the fetal brain provides information from the micro structure perspective, with the fetal brain tissue studies form a complementary. This paper introduces the diffusion tensor imaging (diffusion tensor imaging DTI) technology is applied to the fetal brain the advantages and main application method, DTI of cortical laminar structure display, and display the time sequence, and fetal brain white matter fiber bundle fiber bundles the change, connecting the myelination of white matter before the mature process also, summarizes the current DTI technology for the main technical problems and solutions of fetal brain imaging, lay a theoretical foundation for further study on the application of diffusion tensor imaging in normal fetal brain development.
【作者单位】：南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院;
【分类号】：R445.2;R714.5
【正文快照】： 胎儿脑结构的组织学研究方法开始于1972年[1],但缺乏对三维层面胎脑发育的认知,更不能用于活体胎儿研究。超声技术虽在胎儿产前筛查领域广泛应用,但颅骨限制了其在胎儿脑研究中的应用,不能显示胎脑的精细结构,仅能筛查明显的胎儿畸形,而且在妊娠晚期受羊水量、母体脂肪、胎

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