环境和生物样品的检测及健康评价

发布时间：2018-01-12 18:46

本文关键词：环境和生物样品的检测及健康评价　出处：《东南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：样品采集和前处理是整个分析过程的核心和关键环节,特别是浓度较低的环境样品和基质复杂的生物样品,采集和前处理更加困难。因此,研制和开发适用于这类样品的采集和前处理器件并建立相关分析方法,意义重大。空气颗粒物污染,因其对人体器官损伤的严重性,成为近几年社会广泛关注的热点,金属元素虽然在颗粒物中浓度很低,但是对人体具有极大的伤害。目前常用的颗粒物采样膜价格昂贵或采样效率低下。与此类似,真空环境的空气污染物采集主要是以降尘法捕集,耗时长,并且采集的污染物由于浓度太低,难以达到检测要求。此外,对于生物样品,由于其基质的复杂性,样品含有某些胶质或者大分子有机物时,前处理比较困难,当样品量过大时,往往会堵塞前处理装置。针对现状,本文利用静电纺丝技术制备了不同组分的纳米纤维材料,研制了相应的样品采集和处理器件,开展了其多种应用研究,包括：1)空气颗粒物的捕集、前处理和分析；2)真空环境金属元素污染物采样及分析；3)基质复杂的生物样品前处理和分析；4)选取儿童人群,利用建立的技术方法开展孤独症、肥胖症以及正常儿童无创生物样品(尿液、指甲)的分析,检测其元素水平,探索孤独症和肥胖症可能的发病机制,建立正常儿童体质健康评价的新方法。研究结果表明：由于纳米纤维的独特形貌和性能,使其对样品的富集效率大大提高,制备的纳米纤维采样和前处理器件很好地解决了环境和生物样品分析前处理困难的问题,可进一步提高检测的方法学指标,为高效的环境和生物样品分析提供新思路、新技术。
[Abstract]:Sample collection and pretreatment are the core and key links of the whole analysis process, especially the environmental samples with low concentration and biological samples with complex matrix, so it is more difficult to collect and pre-process. It is of great significance to study and develop devices suitable for sampling and pre-processing of such samples and to establish relevant analytical methods. Air particulate pollution is of great importance because of the severity of organ damage to human body. In recent years, the concentration of metal elements in particulate matter is very low. However, it has great harm to human body. At present, the commonly used particulate matter sampling membrane is expensive or inefficient. Similarly, the collection of air pollutants in vacuum environment is mainly collected by dustfall method, which takes a long time. And because the concentration of pollutants collected is too low to meet the requirements of detection. In addition, for biological samples, because of the complexity of the matrix, the sample contains some colloid or macromolecular organic matter, the pretreatment is more difficult. When the sample quantity is too large, the preprocessing device will be blocked. In view of the present situation, different components of nano-fiber materials were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, and the corresponding sample acquisition and processing devices were developed. Several application studies have been carried out, including the capture, pretreatment and analysis of air particulates. 2) sampling and analysis of metal element pollutants in vacuum environment; 3) pretreatment and analysis of biological samples with complex matrix; 4) Children were selected, and the analysis of noninvasive biological samples (urine, fingernails) of autism, obesity and normal children was carried out by using the established technique, and their elemental levels were detected. To explore the possible pathogenesis of autism and obesity and to establish a new method for evaluating the physical health of normal children. The results show that due to the unique morphology and properties of nanofibers. The preparation of nanofiber sampling and pretreatment devices can solve the problem of environmental and biological sample analysis and pretreatment, which can further improve the detection methodology. To provide new ideas and techniques for efficient environmental and biological sample analysis.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X831;R446.1

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